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South West France Flashcards

1
Q

Two largest AOCs in Dordogne

A

Bergerac AOC

Monbazillac AOC

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2
Q

Bergerac breakdown red/white/rose

A

50% red
40% white
10% rosé

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3
Q

Climate of Bergerac vs Bordeaux

A

Bergerac slightly warmer and drier

Bordeaux varieties ripen well here

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4
Q

Cotes de Bergerac AOC what kind of wines

A

High quality red wines
Main Bordeaux varieties only (no local varieties)
Max yield 50hl/ha
Some oak ageing

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5
Q

What % of Bergerac AOC is sold in France?

A

Around 90%

Supermarkets more than 50%

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6
Q

Largest export markets for Bergerac AOC

A

China (Bdx connection!)
Belgium
UK

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7
Q

Monbazillac AOC what kind of wines

A

Sweet white only

Botrytis or alte harvest

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8
Q

Fermentation in Monbazillac vs Sauternes

A

Much less likely to be fermented in new French oak in Monbazillac - lower cost, wine available cheaper price

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9
Q

Account for Cahors AOC shrinking to a tenth the size it had been at its glory days

A

Competition with Bordeaux (taxes and Bordeaux privilege)
Phylloxera
Frost of 1956

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10
Q

Land under vine in Cahors (and total area available)

A

4,000ha today

further 18,000ha available unplanted

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11
Q

Other than Malbec what else can be grown in Cahors?

A

Tannat
Authorised grape but usually less than 10% of blend - some wineries don’t use it at all

Merlot

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12
Q

Cahors a bit warmer and drier than Bordeaux. What does this mean for Malbec?

A

It suffers less from coulure and mildew - it ripens more regularly in Cahors

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13
Q

Low rainfall in Cahors means what for spraying?

A

Less need to spray against fungal than in Bordeaux

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14
Q

What % of Cahors is organic?

A

17% (well above national average)

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15
Q

River in Cahors?

A

River Lot

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16
Q

Cahors: rich, alluvial soils give what results

A

Higher yields

Lower fruit concentration

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17
Q

Cahors: mid slope vineyards give what results

A

Poorer soils, lower yields, higher concentration

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18
Q

Cahors: high plateau wines

A

350m
low nutrient limestone soils
lower yields, higher concentration

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19
Q

Vine training in Cahors

A

Single Guyot most common

Also bush vines (cordon trained)

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20
Q

Cahors: machine or hand harvest?

A

Machine widely practiced but hand sometimes (mark prices, machine accessibility, availability of labour etc)

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21
Q

Malbec vigour

A

High

Needs careful canopy and yield management

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22
Q

Malbec susceptible to what? So what?

A

Coulure

Reduced yields

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23
Q

Cahors style

A

Deep ruby
Medium to pronounced violet, red and black plum
Medium to medium (+) acidity
Medium (+) to high tannin

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24
Q

Grape(s) for Cahors

A

Malbec (min 70%)

and Merlot and/or Tannat

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25
Destemming in Cahors?
yes, mandatory | elimiante underripe stems = agressive tannins
26
What impedes ripeness in Cahors today?
Lack of water prevents full ripeness | in the past: cool seasons
27
How do you make an early drinking style of Cahors?
Use Merlot in the blend | 7-10 days on skins for limited tannin extraction
28
How do you make an ageworthy style of Cahors?
15-25 days on skins, greater extraction of flavour and tannins Mature in oak
29
80% of Cahors is produced by private companies. One company makes the other 20%. Who is it?
Cooperative des Vignerons d'Olt | belongs to Vinovalie
30
What % of Cahors production comes from co-ops?
20% | Just one co-op: Coop des Vignerons d'Olt
31
What are the three tiers in the Cahors voluntary code?
Tradition Prestige Spéciale
32
What is "Tradition" in Cahors?
``` Entry-level tier of voluntary code Inexpensive 70-85% Malbec Rich alluvial soils Higher yields Lower fruit concentration ```
33
What is "Prestige" in Cahors?
``` Mid tier of voluntary code Mid-priced Mid-slope Lower yield High fruit concentration Longer ageing potential ```
34
What is "Spéciale" in Cahors"?
``` Often 100% Malbec Premium price Highest plateau Low yield High concentration Long ageing ```
35
Example of a Cahors prodcuer?
Georges Vigoroux | Ch. du Cedre
36
Domestic/export split of Cahors (volume)
70% domestic (supermarkets and direct sales) | 30% export (UK, USA, Canada)
37
Madiran distance from Atlantic Ocean
80km
38
What is the late harvest white-wine AOC located in same area as Madiran AOC?
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC | Local varieties, similar to Jurancon
39
Rainfall in Madiran?
High - 1,000mm | Late winter and spring
40
Climate in Madiran
Atlantic influence High rain Warm sunny summers, dry autumns Fohn wind
41
Tannat vigour?
High | Best supported on a trellis
42
Tannat is mid-ripening. So what?
Normally picked before onset of autumn rains (relatively high rain in Madiran)
43
Tannat signature?
High tannin
44
Madiran wine style
``` Deep ruby Pronounced blackberry, blackcurrant, oak High tannin High acid Full body Alcohol medium (+) to high ```
45
Grape(s) for Madiran?
60-80% Tannat | + Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Fer (aka Fer Servadou)
46
Grapes must be destemmed in Madiran. Why?
Reduce extraction of further tannins (Tannat has very high tannins naturally)
47
Soften tannins in Madiran how?
Shorter maceration | Age in oak and/or bottle (+ cost)
48
Patrick Ducournau pioneered what technique in 1991? Where? Why?
Micro-oxygenation Madiran To soften the tannins of Tannat
49
Are all Madiran wines for long ageing?
No. Recent trend towards moer accessible style | Pick only ripest grapes, gently press and micro-oxygenate
50
Domestic/export split for Madiran
80% domestic (supermarkets mostly, also hospiatlity) | 20% export (UK, Belgium, Germany)
51
Producers in Madiran
Alain Brumont | Ch. d'Aydie
52
Important co-ops in Madiran
Cave de Crouseilles | Plaimont (also in Saint-Mont AOC)
53
Grape varieties for Jurancon
Petit Manseng Gros Manseng other local vareities
54
Breakdown between sweet and dry Jurancon
70% sweet or medium-sweet | 30% dry
55
Three styles of Jurancon
Jurancon Vendanges Tardives (sweet) Jurancon (usually medium-sweet) Jurancon Sec (dry)
56
Jurancon Vendanges Tardives style
``` Sweet Intense lemon and mango High acid Medium (+) to high alcohol Full body ```
57
Jurancon AOC style
Medium sweet
58
Climate in Jurancon
Mild and humid | Relatively high rain (1,200mm) througohut the year
59
Topograph in Jurancon? Why?
Planted on slopes (up to 300m) | Good drainage helps with rainfall (high)
60
What influence does the Pyrennees have on Jurancon?
Gives rise to a Fohn wind Hot, dry wind blows 1 day in 3, drying the air and ventilating the canopy Boosts temperatures = over-ripe berries for sweet wines
61
Frost in Jurancon?
Yes it's a risk due to altitude here (300m) | Budding zone trained high above ground to mitigate
62
Picking in Jurancon?
Grapes picked by hand Multiple passes for sweet wines = raise cost First selection October (dry wines and some sweet for early drinking) Second and third (November to December) for sweeter wines
63
Passerillage
grapes dried on vine in Jurancon
64
Account for the drying process in Jurancon?
Passerillage Effect of prolonged time hanging on vine Autumn shine Wind
65
Petit Manseng buds when?
Early budding Spring frost (Jurancon susceptible to frost; 300m altitude)
66
What makes Petit Manseng suitable for late harvest?
Mid-to-late ripening Thick skins Resists BBR
67
Why must produers be precise about picking dates for Petit Manseng?
It has high alcohol = ensure balance of full flavour ripeness, acidity and potential alcohol
68
Petit Manseng vs Gros Manseng
Similar characteristics (retain acid, high alcohol etc) but gros manseng has higher yields and less aromatic concentration
69
Gros Manseng usually used for what?
Dry wines
70
Grape requirements for Jurancon
Min 50% of Petit Manseng and/or Gros Manseng | In practice: mostly these two exclusively
71
Rules for Jurancon Sec
dry | max yield 60hl/ha
72
Rules for Jurancon AOC
medium sweet min 40g/l max yield 40hl/ha
73
Rules for Jurancon Vendanges Tardives
``` Sweet Min 55g/l (usually much higher) no enrichment max 40hl/ha yield Petit M and Gros M exclusively Picked not before 2 November ```
74
Oak use in Jurancon?
Higher quality sweet wines from Petit Manseng fermented in old barrique then aged for 12-18 months Some use new barrique
75
Malo in Jurancon
Typically no pH too low, acidity too high Retain acidity, preserve primary fruit
76
Name of co-op in Jurancon
Cave de Gan
77
Significant exports in Jurancon?
Not really | Sales divided equally between direct sales, supermarkets and hospitality
78
Significant producer in Jurancon
Domaine Cauhapé
79
Cave de Gan produces around what % of Jurancon wine?
50%
80
How many IGPs in South West France?
14 | IGP Cotes de Gascogne the largest
81
Largest IGP in South West France
Cotes de Gascogne
82
Key producers in IGP Cotes de Gascogne
Domaine Tariquet | Plaimont
83
Key grape for IGP Cotes de Gascogne
Colombard Neutarl white wine Medium to medium (+) acid Also Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay

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