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Austria Flashcards

1
Q

Austria making wine since when?

A

The Bronze Age

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2
Q

Austria land under vine

A

Around 50,000 ha

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3
Q

Account for drop in Austrian wine exports in mid 1980s

A

Diethlyene glycol/antifreeze scandal

Lots of exports, small number of large producers added this to try to increase volumes and sweetness

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4
Q

Climate in Austria?

A

Cool continental

Some local climate influences also

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5
Q

Climatic influence in north of Austria,e g Weinviertel

A

Cool northerly winds

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6
Q

Climatic influence in south of Austria, eg Steiermark

A

more influence from Adriatic = warmer

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7
Q

Climatic influence in east of Austria, eg Brugenland

A

Near the Hungarian border

Warmer Pannonian climate

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8
Q

Climatic influence in west of Austria, eg vineyards on the Danube

A

Cooler breezes from the Alps

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9
Q

Threats and hazards in Austria

A

Spring frosts
Hail in Steiermark
Winter freeze rare but can happen

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10
Q

Two major soil types in Austria

A
  1. Thin soils over rock (granite or gneiss, “Urgestein”)

2. Richer soils eg loess

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11
Q

Riesling planted on what kind of soil in Austria?

A

Thin soil = needs less water than Gruner Veltliner

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12
Q

Gruner Veltliner planted on what kind of soil in Austria?

A

Richer soils, eg loess or clay

Has a greater requirement for water than Riesling

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13
Q

Lenz Moser training system

A

Cordon trained to 1.2-1.4m (higher than other systems, need wider rows to avoid shading)
Popular for high volume production = little maintenance and can be mechanised

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14
Q

Austria: Lenz Moser training system now largely replaced with what?

A

Single or double Guyot (replacement cane) with VSP trellising

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15
Q

Machine harvest where in Austria

A

Common flatter lands in Weinviertel and Burgenland

Not possible in vineyards on Danube (Wachau, Kremstal, Kamptal) where vines are on handbuilt, steep stone terraces

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16
Q

Austria: growing vines on steep, handmade stone terraces takes how much more time than on flatter land?

A

3-5 times as many hours

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17
Q

is disease pressure high or low in Austria?

A 
Generally low
Moderate rain (450mm in Weinviertel; 850mm in Steiermark)
low disease pressure = good takeup of organic (14% of vineyards)
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18
Q

Max yield in Austria

A

Capped at 67.5 hl/ha
average yield closer to 49hl/ha
(in line with focus on quality rather than bulk)

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19
Q

Most planted red and white grape in Austria

A

Zweigelt

Gruner Veltliner

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20
Q

Gruner Veltliner is what % of Austrian plantings?

A

32%

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21
Q

Does Gruner Veltliner like dry soils?

A

No, unlike Riesling, it doesn’t
Better suited to clay and loess
Higher levels of water retained

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22
Q

Is Gruner Veltliner vigorous?

A

Yes can be very vigorous on fertile soil = canopy mgmt important

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23
Q

Gruner Veltliner has thick skins. So what?

A

If left in contact with juice for too long = phenolic taste, bitterness
Also contain rotundone = peppery aroma

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24
Q

Gruner Veltliner wine style

A

Medium (+) to high acid
Not oaekd
Simple citrus and green fruit - > pronounced citrus, peach, complex, bottle ageable

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25
Zweigelt accounts for what % of plantings in Austria?
14% Most planted black grape Second most planted grape overall
26
Zweigelt is a crossing of what
Sankt Laurent x Blaufrankisch
27
Zweigelt ripens early or late
Ripens earlier and more easily than Blaufrankish
28
Zweigelt is vigorous. So what
Can be high yielding | Need leaf removal and canopy management to produce quality
29
Account for withering of Zweigelt grapes befoer ripening?
Postassium deficiency | Can lower yield
30
Zweigelt style
Medium (+) acid Medium tannin Red fruit, cherry Range of price points/quality levels
31
Is Welschriesling related to Riesling
No
32
Welschriesling characteristics
High aicd | Neutral aromatics
33
Welschriesling usually found in which Austrian region?
Steiermark | Also in Burgenland
34
Welschriesling can be made into a few different wine styles. What are they?
Fresh, neutral, unoaked dry TBA or BA, noble rot Sekt
35
Blaufrankisch wine style
Medium (+) to high tannin High acid Deep colour Black fruit
36
Blaufrankisch usually only grown in which Austrian region. Why?
Burgenland | Needs a warm climate to fully ripen
37
Most Austrian Riesling grown where?
Niederosterreich Planted in warmest sites on thin soils Needs less water than Gruner Veltliner
38
Austria: Riesling style
``` Almost always dry Full bodied Medium alcohol Ripe stone fruit, tropical High acidity With age: honey, nutty, petrol ```
39
Malo for Riesling and Gruner in Austria?
Typically no Would be difficult to achieve due to low pH Desire to retain varietal character, fresh acid
40
Austria sometimes uses what type of wood instead of oak?
Acacia | Gives a small amount of oxygenation without vanilla character
41
DAC
Districtus Austriae Controllatus | Style of wine is linked to an origin
42
Three levels of Austrian wine quality
Wein Landwein: PGI Qualitatswein (including Pradikatswein): PDO
43
Austrian: Wein and Landwein account for what % of production
10% | The rest is Qualitatswein (including Pradiktaswein)
44
Two additional labelling terms within Austrian Qualitatswein?
Klassik: vintage declared, shows varietal character Reserve: dry wines, 13% abv min, harvest and release later than standard wines
45
Difference between Austrian and German Pradikatswein?
Austria: Kabinett doesn't fall into Pradikatswein system | TBA wines from city of Rust (Lake Neusiedlersee) are labelled Ausbruch
46
What was the first DAC region to be validated? When?
Weinviertel, 2001
47
How many DAC regions in Austria?
16
48
What are the rules for using DAC labelling?
``` Aimed to promote regional typicity Need to conform to legislation (otherwise you can't use specific DAC, need to use a larger area) Permitted varieties Typicity, profile Tasting panel ```
49
Three components of quality hierarchy within DAC wines?
Regional: Gebietswein Village: Ortswein Single vineyard: Riedenswein
50
What is OTW?
Osterreichische Traditionsweinguter Group of producers (founded 1992) in Kamptal, Kremstal, Wagram, Vienna Classifying their vineyards like Burgundy
51
Vinea Wachau
Group of quality-minded producers in Wachau with a classification system for the wines fo the region
52
Which four Austrian federal states are significant wine producers?
Niederosterreich Burgenland Steiermark Wien
53
Austria's largest grape growing region?
Niederosterreich (Lower Austria)
54
Niederosterreich is split into three regions. What are they?
1. Weinviertel (north) 2. Regions along the Danube, west of Vienna: Wachau, Kremstal, Kamptal, Wagram 3. Warmer Pannonian plain (southeast)
55
Wachau located along north bank of what river?
Danube
56
Most Wachau vineyards laid out how?
Steep terraces | Best sites face south = max sun interception
57
Benefit of stone terraces in Wachau?
Retain heat during the day | Radiate it back at night = ripe fruit
58
Effect of the Danube on Wachau region
Reflects heat and sun into the terraces
59
Cause of noble rot in Wachau?
Humidity from the Danube | NB not always wanted: preferred style here is dry
60
FX Pichler is a signficiant producer where?
Wachau, Austria
61
Franz Hirtzberger is a significant producer where?
Wachau, Austria
62
Large, quality-driven co-op in Wachau?
Domane Wachau
63
Wachau DAC, single-vineyard level: what grape varieties are allowed?
Gruner Veltliner and Riesling only
64
Vineau Wachau (association) have three different classifications for dry white wine. What are they?
1. Steinfelder; fruity, dry. Max 11.5%. lightest style. 2. Federspiel: concentrated, dry. 11.5-12.5% 3. Smaragd: highly concentrated, dry, ripe fruit. Min 12.5%
65
Key producer in Kremstal, Austria?
Lenz Moser
66
Why is Kremstal warmer than Wachau?
influenced by warm Pannonian plain | suitable to grow Zweigelt
67
Kremstal DAC wines can be what?
Riesling or Gruner Veltliner only | Red wine must be labelled Niederosterreich (25% of plantings)
68
Key producer in Kamptal?
Willi Brundlmayer
69
Kamptal gets its name from what?
The River Kamp
70
Climatic influences on Kamptal?
Warm breezes from Pannonian plain Cooling air from Bohemian massif Diurnal range = high acidity
71
Kamptal DAC wines can only be what grapes?
Riesling or Gruner Veltliner
72
Red wines made in Kremstal and Kamptal cannot use DAC. What are they labelled as?
Niederosterreich
73
Roter Veltliner grown where?
Wagram
74
Where is Wagram located?
North and south of the Danube | rolling hills
75
What is Roter Veltliner?
No relation to Gruner Local white variety in Wagram Full bodied whites, nutty aromas with age
76
Largest appellation in Niederosterreich (and Austria)?
Weinviertel
77
Weinviertel DAC: which grape/s?
Gruner Veltliner only
78
Gruner Veltliner from Weinviertel: style
Most peppery in Austria Cirtrus and green fruit Medium to medium (+) body High acid
79
Sohm & Kracher is a significant producer where?
Weinviertel, Austria
80
Thermenregion is near what city?
Vienna
81
Thermenregion makes red wines from which grapes?
Pinot Noir | Sankt Laurent
82
Sankt Laurent style
Medium (-) body Medium tannins Red cherry comapred to Pinot Noir
83
Where is Burgenland located?
On the border with Hungary
84
Burgenland has 55% black grapes. Why can it ripen them reliably?
Warm air from Pannonian plain
85
Key black grapes in Burgenland
Blaufrankisch | Zweigelt
86
Natural environemnt in Neusiedlersee
Eastern shores of large shallow lake (also called Neusierlersee) Flat warm and humid Warmest area in Austria
87
Why is Neusierlersee suitable for TBA wines?
Big lake, warm and humid area = fog = botrytis
88
What is the DAC for TBA wines from municipality of Rust?
Ruster Ausbruch DAC
89
What is Ruster Ausbruch DAC
DAC for TBA wines from municipality of Rust
90
What wines are made in the DAC for Neusiedlersee?
Red only, based on Zweigelt | DAC Klassik wines must be 100% Zweigelt
91
DAC Neusiedlersee style
Red wine only, Zweigelt based Red cherry, little or no oak Medium acid Medium to full body
92
Key producer for red wine in Nieuseedlersee?
Krutzler
93
Key producer for TBA wines in Neusiedlersee?
Alois Karcher
94
Leithaberg DAC what kind of wines?
Red or white Red: 85% Blaufrankisch White: blend or single varietal (Weissburgunder, Chardonnay, GruVe, Neuberger)
95
Steiermark aka...
Styria
96
Steiermark/Styria located where in Austria?
South-eastern corner | Border with Slovenia
97
Steiermark known for what style of wine?
Crisp dry whites Welschriesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Weissburgunder High acid
98
"Wien" region around which city?
Vienna
99
DAC Wiener Gemischter Satz is what?
``` Made in Wien Blend (20 varieties allowed) Dry adn unoaked Medium (+) to high acid Light body ```
100
How many wine estates in Austria
4,000 estates | highly fragmented
101
More than half of all sales of wine in Austria is what sector?
Hospitality
102
What is/are Heurigen
Small inns or taverns that serve simple food and local wine Outdoor spaces for eating and drinking Open late summer autumn Big channel for Austrian wine
103
Austria exports what % of its production
20%
104
Main export market for Austrian wine?
Germany | Half of Austtrian exports by volume

D3 KID (35 decks)

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