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D3 KID > Austria > Flashcards

Austria Flashcards

1
Q

Austria making wine since when?

A

The Bronze Age

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2
Q

Austria land under vine

A

Around 50,000 ha

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3
Q

Account for drop in Austrian wine exports in mid 1980s

A

Diethlyene glycol/antifreeze scandal

Lots of exports, small number of large producers added this to try to increase volumes and sweetness

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4
Q

Climate in Austria?

A

Cool continental

Some local climate influences also

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5
Q

Climatic influence in north of Austria,e g Weinviertel

A

Cool northerly winds

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6
Q

Climatic influence in south of Austria, eg Steiermark

A

more influence from Adriatic = warmer

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7
Q

Climatic influence in east of Austria, eg Brugenland

A

Near the Hungarian border

Warmer Pannonian climate

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8
Q

Climatic influence in west of Austria, eg vineyards on the Danube

A

Cooler breezes from the Alps

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9
Q

Threats and hazards in Austria

A

Spring frosts
Hail in Steiermark
Winter freeze rare but can happen

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10
Q

Two major soil types in Austria

A
  1. Thin soils over rock (granite or gneiss, “Urgestein”)

2. Richer soils eg loess

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11
Q

Riesling planted on what kind of soil in Austria?

A

Thin soil = needs less water than Gruner Veltliner

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12
Q

Gruner Veltliner planted on what kind of soil in Austria?

A

Richer soils, eg loess or clay

Has a greater requirement for water than Riesling

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13
Q

Lenz Moser training system

A

Cordon trained to 1.2-1.4m (higher than other systems, need wider rows to avoid shading)
Popular for high volume production = little maintenance and can be mechanised

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14
Q

Austria: Lenz Moser training system now largely replaced with what?

A

Single or double Guyot (replacement cane) with VSP trellising

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15
Q

Machine harvest where in Austria

A

Common flatter lands in Weinviertel and Burgenland

Not possible in vineyards on Danube (Wachau, Kremstal, Kamptal) where vines are on handbuilt, steep stone terraces

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16
Q

Austria: growing vines on steep, handmade stone terraces takes how much more time than on flatter land?

A

3-5 times as many hours

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17
Q

is disease pressure high or low in Austria?

A 
Generally low
Moderate rain (450mm in Weinviertel; 850mm in Steiermark)
low disease pressure = good takeup of organic (14% of vineyards)
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18
Q

Max yield in Austria

A

Capped at 67.5 hl/ha
average yield closer to 49hl/ha
(in line with focus on quality rather than bulk)

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19
Q

Most planted red and white grape in Austria

A

Zweigelt

Gruner Veltliner

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20
Q

Gruner Veltliner is what % of Austrian plantings?

A

32%

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21
Q

Does Gruner Veltliner like dry soils?

A

No, unlike Riesling, it doesn’t
Better suited to clay and loess
Higher levels of water retained

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22
Q

Is Gruner Veltliner vigorous?

A

Yes can be very vigorous on fertile soil = canopy mgmt important

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23
Q

Gruner Veltliner has thick skins. So what?

A

If left in contact with juice for too long = phenolic taste, bitterness
Also contain rotundone = peppery aroma

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24
Q

Gruner Veltliner wine style

A

Medium (+) to high acid
Not oaekd
Simple citrus and green fruit - > pronounced citrus, peach, complex, bottle ageable

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25
Q

Zweigelt accounts for what % of plantings in Austria?

A

14%
Most planted black grape
Second most planted grape overall

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26
Q

Zweigelt is a crossing of what

A

Sankt Laurent x Blaufrankisch

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27
Q

Zweigelt ripens early or late

A

Ripens earlier and more easily than Blaufrankish

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28
Q

Zweigelt is vigorous. So what

A

Can be high yielding

Need leaf removal and canopy management to produce quality

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29
Q

Account for withering of Zweigelt grapes befoer ripening?

A

Postassium deficiency

Can lower yield

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30
Q

Zweigelt style

A

Medium (+) acid
Medium tannin
Red fruit, cherry
Range of price points/quality levels

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31
Q

Is Welschriesling related to Riesling

A

No

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32
Q

Welschriesling characteristics

A

High aicd

Neutral aromatics

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33
Q

Welschriesling usually found in which Austrian region?

A

Steiermark

Also in Burgenland

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34
Q

Welschriesling can be made into a few different wine styles. What are they?

A

Fresh, neutral, unoaked dry
TBA or BA, noble rot
Sekt

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35
Q

Blaufrankisch wine style

A

Medium (+) to high tannin
High acid
Deep colour
Black fruit

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36
Q

Blaufrankisch usually only grown in which Austrian region. Why?

A

Burgenland

Needs a warm climate to fully ripen

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37
Q

Most Austrian Riesling grown where?

A

Niederosterreich
Planted in warmest sites on thin soils
Needs less water than Gruner Veltliner

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38
Q

Austria: Riesling style

A 
Almost always dry
Full bodied
Medium alcohol
Ripe stone fruit, tropical
High acidity
With age: honey, nutty, petrol
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39
Q

Malo for Riesling and Gruner in Austria?

A

Typically no
Would be difficult to achieve due to low pH
Desire to retain varietal character, fresh acid

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40
Q

Austria sometimes uses what type of wood instead of oak?

A

Acacia

Gives a small amount of oxygenation without vanilla character

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41
Q

DAC

A

Districtus Austriae Controllatus

Style of wine is linked to an origin

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42
Q

Three levels of Austrian wine quality

A

Wein
Landwein: PGI
Qualitatswein (including Pradikatswein): PDO

43
Q

Austrian: Wein and Landwein account for what % of production

A

10%

The rest is Qualitatswein (including Pradiktaswein)

44
Q

Two additional labelling terms within Austrian Qualitatswein?

A

Klassik: vintage declared, shows varietal character
Reserve: dry wines, 13% abv min, harvest and release later than standard wines

45
Q

Difference between Austrian and German Pradikatswein?

A

Austria: Kabinett doesn’t fall into Pradikatswein system

TBA wines from city of Rust (Lake Neusiedlersee) are labelled Ausbruch

46
Q

What was the first DAC region to be validated? When?

A

Weinviertel, 2001

47
Q

How many DAC regions in Austria?

A

16

48
Q

What are the rules for using DAC labelling?

A 
Aimed to promote regional typicity
Need to conform to legislation (otherwise you can't use specific DAC, need to use a larger area)
Permitted varieties
Typicity, profile
Tasting panel
49
Q

Three components of quality hierarchy within DAC wines?

A

Regional: Gebietswein
Village: Ortswein
Single vineyard: Riedenswein

50
Q

What is OTW?

A

Osterreichische Traditionsweinguter
Group of producers (founded 1992) in Kamptal, Kremstal, Wagram, Vienna
Classifying their vineyards like Burgundy

51
Q

Vinea Wachau

A

Group of quality-minded producers in Wachau with a classification system for the wines fo the region

52
Q

Which four Austrian federal states are significant wine producers?

A

Niederosterreich
Burgenland
Steiermark
Wien

53
Q

Austria’s largest grape growing region?

A

Niederosterreich (Lower Austria)

54
Q

Niederosterreich is split into three regions. What are they?

A
  1. Weinviertel (north)
  2. Regions along the Danube, west of Vienna: Wachau, Kremstal, Kamptal, Wagram
  3. Warmer Pannonian plain (southeast)
55
Q

Wachau located along north bank of what river?

A

Danube

56
Q

Most Wachau vineyards laid out how?

A

Steep terraces

Best sites face south = max sun interception

57
Q

Benefit of stone terraces in Wachau?

A

Retain heat during the day

Radiate it back at night = ripe fruit

58
Q

Effect of the Danube on Wachau region

A

Reflects heat and sun into the terraces

59
Q

Cause of noble rot in Wachau?

A

Humidity from the Danube

NB not always wanted: preferred style here is dry

60
Q

FX Pichler is a signficiant producer where?

A

Wachau, Austria

61
Q

Franz Hirtzberger is a significant producer where?

A

Wachau, Austria

62
Q

Large, quality-driven co-op in Wachau?

A

Domane Wachau

63
Q

Wachau DAC, single-vineyard level: what grape varieties are allowed?

A

Gruner Veltliner and Riesling only

64
Q

Vineau Wachau (association) have three different classifications for dry white wine. What are they?

A
  1. Steinfelder; fruity, dry. Max 11.5%. lightest style.
  2. Federspiel: concentrated, dry. 11.5-12.5%
  3. Smaragd: highly concentrated, dry, ripe fruit. Min 12.5%
65
Q

Key producer in Kremstal, Austria?

A

Lenz Moser

66
Q

Why is Kremstal warmer than Wachau?

A

influenced by warm Pannonian plain

suitable to grow Zweigelt

67
Q

Kremstal DAC wines can be what?

A

Riesling or Gruner Veltliner only

Red wine must be labelled Niederosterreich (25% of plantings)

68
Q

Key producer in Kamptal?

A

Willi Brundlmayer

69
Q

Kamptal gets its name from what?

A

The River Kamp

70
Q

Climatic influences on Kamptal?

A

Warm breezes from Pannonian plain
Cooling air from Bohemian massif
Diurnal range = high acidity

71
Q

Kamptal DAC wines can only be what grapes?

A

Riesling or Gruner Veltliner

72
Q

Red wines made in Kremstal and Kamptal cannot use DAC. What are they labelled as?

A

Niederosterreich

73
Q

Roter Veltliner grown where?

A

Wagram

74
Q

Where is Wagram located?

A

North and south of the Danube

rolling hills

75
Q

What is Roter Veltliner?

A

No relation to Gruner
Local white variety in Wagram
Full bodied whites, nutty aromas with age

76
Q

Largest appellation in Niederosterreich (and Austria)?

A

Weinviertel

77
Q

Weinviertel DAC: which grape/s?

A

Gruner Veltliner only

78
Q

Gruner Veltliner from Weinviertel: style

A

Most peppery in Austria
Cirtrus and green fruit
Medium to medium (+) body
High acid

79
Q

Sohm & Kracher is a significant producer where?

A

Weinviertel, Austria

80
Q

Thermenregion is near what city?

A

Vienna

81
Q

Thermenregion makes red wines from which grapes?

A

Pinot Noir

Sankt Laurent

82
Q

Sankt Laurent style

A

Medium (-) body
Medium tannins
Red cherry
comapred to Pinot Noir

83
Q

Where is Burgenland located?

A

On the border with Hungary

84
Q

Burgenland has 55% black grapes. Why can it ripen them reliably?

A

Warm air from Pannonian plain

85
Q

Key black grapes in Burgenland

A

Blaufrankisch

Zweigelt

86
Q

Natural environemnt in Neusiedlersee

A

Eastern shores of large shallow lake (also called Neusierlersee)
Flat warm and humid
Warmest area in Austria

87
Q

Why is Neusierlersee suitable for TBA wines?

A

Big lake, warm and humid area = fog = botrytis

88
Q

What is the DAC for TBA wines from municipality of Rust?

A

Ruster Ausbruch DAC

89
Q

What is Ruster Ausbruch DAC

A

DAC for TBA wines from municipality of Rust

90
Q

What wines are made in the DAC for Neusiedlersee?

A

Red only, based on Zweigelt

DAC Klassik wines must be 100% Zweigelt

91
Q

DAC Neusiedlersee style

A

Red wine only, Zweigelt based
Red cherry, little or no oak
Medium acid
Medium to full body

92
Q

Key producer for red wine in Nieuseedlersee?

A

Krutzler

93
Q

Key producer for TBA wines in Neusiedlersee?

A

Alois Karcher

94
Q

Leithaberg DAC what kind of wines?

A

Red or white
Red: 85% Blaufrankisch
White: blend or single varietal (Weissburgunder, Chardonnay, GruVe, Neuberger)

95
Q

Steiermark aka…

A

Styria

96
Q

Steiermark/Styria located where in Austria?

A

South-eastern corner

Border with Slovenia

97
Q

Steiermark known for what style of wine?

A

Crisp dry whites
Welschriesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Weissburgunder
High acid

98
Q

“Wien” region around which city?

A

Vienna

99
Q

DAC Wiener Gemischter Satz is what?

A 
Made in Wien
Blend (20 varieties allowed)
Dry adn unoaked
Medium (+) to high acid
Light body
100
Q

How many wine estates in Austria

A

4,000 estates

highly fragmented

101
Q

More than half of all sales of wine in Austria is what sector?

A

Hospitality

102
Q

What is/are Heurigen

A

Small inns or taverns that serve simple food and local wine
Outdoor spaces for eating and drinking
Open late summer autumn
Big channel for Austrian wine

103
Q

Austria exports what % of its production

A

20%

104
Q

Main export market for Austrian wine?

A

Germany

Half of Austtrian exports by volume

D3 KID (35 decks)

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