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D3 KID > New York State > Flashcards

New York State Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Dr. Konstantin Frank? What did he do?

A

New York wines
Experiment with Riesling and Chardonnay => success
Founded “Vinifera Wine Cellars”

it was all hybrids until then

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2
Q

Significance of New York’s Farm Winery Act of 1976

A

Allowed grape growers to open wineries and sell D2C

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3
Q

What led to loads of wineries opening in New York State?

A

Farm Winery Act of 1976

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4
Q

How many AVAs in New York State?

A

10

Most important: Finger Lakes AVA, Hudson River Region AVA, Long Island AVA

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5
Q

How many wineries in New York State?

A

400

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6
Q

Land under vine in Finger Lakes AVA?

A

3,800ha

Largest region in New York State

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7
Q

Climate in Finger Lakes AVA

A

Continetnal with warm summers and cold winters

One of coldest AVAs in USA

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8
Q

How many finger lakes are in the Finger Lakes AVA? So what?

A

11

region would be too cold to grow v. vinifera without them

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9
Q

Comment on the nature of the finger lakes

A

not particularly large
but extremely deep
largest (Seneca Lake) is 200m deep
fail to freeze during winter

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10
Q

Influence of lakes on Finger Lakes AVA

A
  • topography (slopes; enable cold air to drain toward water. air warms and rises, draws more cold air off land)
  • lake-effect snow: insulate vines in winter
  • warming influence in autumn: ripen over a long period, reduce autumn frost risk
  • spring: cool lake air delays budburst, reduce frost damage
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11
Q

Name a few of the finger lakes

A

Canandaigua
Keuka
Seneca
Cayuga

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12
Q

Most vineyards in Finger Lakes AVA located on what sort of topography?

A

Steeper areas
Cold air flows down towards the lake

(rather than in the cold air pockets in flat bench areas)

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13
Q

New York State has fertile soils and sufficient rainfall. So what?

A

Low density planting is common

Big training and trellising eg Scott Henry

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14
Q

How are vines protected from winter freeze in New York State?

A

Snow (natural)

hilling up the soil to cover the graft union

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15
Q

Riesling and Cabernet Franc most planted white and black varieties in New York State. Why?

A

Ability to withstand cold winter tmperatures

Ability to ripen sufficiently in the growing season

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16
Q

Most planted vinifera grape in New York State?

A

Riesling!

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17
Q

Most New York State Riesling is what sweetness level?

A

Dry to medium-dry

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18
Q

New York State Riesling: style

A 
Dry to sweet
High acid
Medium (-) to medium body
Fresh apple, lemon, peach
Alcohol low to medium
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19
Q

Winemaking for Riesling in New York State?

A 
Protective winemaking
Cool ferment, steel
Some skin contact maybe (texture and flavour0
OR
keep on lees after ferment (texture)
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20
Q

How is RS achieved in New York State Riesling?

A

Late harvest, botrytis and/or stop ferment early

21
Q

What is Chardonnay used for in New York State?

A

Still and sparkling wines

22
Q

Chardonnay style (still wines) in New York State

A

Medium body
Medium (+) to high acid
Citrus
Ferment and mature in oak (texture, toast)

23
Q

Most planted black vinifera grape in New York State

A

Cabernet Franc

24
Q

Why is Cabernet Franc able to produce adequate yields of ripe grapes in most years in Finger Lakes?

A

Mid-ripening

Winter hardy

25
Q

Comment on oak use for Finger Lakes Cabernet Franc?

A

Less new oak being used
Some producers make at least one unoaked Cab Franc
French or Hungarian oak used (subtle vs American oak)

26
Q

New York Finger Lakes Cab Franc style

A

Medium (-) to medium body
Medium (-) to medium tannins
Red cherry, cranberry, black plum
Herbaceous

27
Q

Vinifera grapes in Finger Lakes other than Riesling, Cab Franc and Chardonnay?

A 
Pinot Noir
Gewurtztraminer
Cab Sauv
Merlot
Pinot Gris
28
Q

Significant producers in Finger Lakes AVA

A

Hermann J. Wiemer

Forge Cellars

29
Q

Hybrids and American vine species used for what in New York?

A

Grape juice
Jellies, jams
Some for wine (inexpensive)

30
Q

Hybrids and American vines used for inexpensive wine in New York. Why?

A

Easier to grow than Vinifera

Lower quality than Vinifera

31
Q

Hybrids with some quality potential in New York State?

A

Traminette

Vignoles

32
Q

What is Traminette?

A

A hybrid in New York
Some quality potential
Gezurztraminer-like aromas but higher acid and lower alcohol

33
Q

What is Vignoles?

A 
Hybrid variety (New York)
Noble rot, high acid, non-dry styles
34
Q

What is Vidal used for in New York State?

A

Ice wine

35
Q

Long Island AVA split into which two sub-AVas?

A

North Fork AVA

The Hamptons AVA

36
Q

What surrounds the Long Island AVA?

A

Water!

Atlantic Ocean, Peconic Bay, Long Island Sound

37
Q

Climate in Long Island AVA?

A

maritime
long growing season
surrounded by water!

38
Q

What grapes are grown in Long Island AVA? Why?

A

Bordeaux black varieties, esp. Merlot
Chard, Sauvignon
Maritime climate with long growing season

39
Q

High humidity in Long Island AVA. So what?

A

Fungal disease a problem

But windy weather in coastal sites can help

40
Q

Options for managing humidity in Long Island AVA?

A

Spraying
Leaf removal (improve air circulation around grapes)
Sorting grapes in vyd or winery

41
Q

Warmer of the two sub-AVAs in Long Island AVA?

A

North Fork AVA

Slightly warmer, protected from Atlantic Ocean

42
Q

Which has more vineyards/wineries: North Fork AVA or The Hamptons AVA?

A

North Fork AVA (60 wineries)

The Hamptons has six wineries

43
Q

Significant producers in Long Island AVA

A

Wolffer Estate

Channing Daughters

44
Q

Which AVA is home to the USA’s oldest active winery (and first commercial winery)?

A

Hudson River Region AVA

New York State

45
Q

Hudson River Region AVA covers a vast area from north of NYC to south of Albany. But how much land under vine?

A

64ha!

46
Q

Grapes grown in Hudson River Region AVA

A

Hybrids (Seyval Blanc, Vidal)

Vinifera (Riesling, Chard, Cab Franc)

47
Q

How many wineries in New York State?

A

470

120 are in the Finger LAkes AVA

48
Q

Before the New York Faarm Winery Act 1976, New York was dominated by large, commercial wineries. What happened to them?

A

They WERE making big volumes with American vines
Act changed everything => small estates, quality focus, vinifera
Large wineries either adapted or declined

D3 KID (35 decks)

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