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D3 KID > Rest of Spain > Flashcards

Rest of Spain Flashcards

1
Q

Four principle wine regions in Aragon

A

Carinena
Campo de Borja
Calatayud
Somontano

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2
Q

Climate in Carinena DO, Campo de Borja DO and Calatayud DO

A

Warm continental

Dry summers

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3
Q

Altitude in Calatyud, Carinena, Campo de Borja DOs

A

Calatayud: 900m
Carinena: 400-800m
Campo de Borja: 350-700m

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4
Q

What is Cierzo?

A

Cold wind in Aragon that blows from the north

Moderates temperatures, slows ripening

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5
Q

Carinena DO, Campo de Borja DO and Calatayud DO make mostly what kind of wine?

A

Mainly red wines

Old Garnacha vines

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6
Q

Pests and diseases rarely a problem in Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calatayud. Why?

A

Lack of rain
Rocky, fee draining soils
Dry, windy conditions

(spring frost an issue though)

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7
Q

Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calatayud DOs: evryday wine style

A 
Red wines, mostly inexpensive
Medium to full body
High alcohol
Medium tannin
Ripe red and black fruit
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8
Q

High-end old-vine Garnacha from Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calataud DOs: style

A 
Concentrated rasberry and plum
Subtle spicy oak
Medium (+) acid
Medium (+) tannin
High alcohol
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9
Q

Climate in Somontano DO

A

Warm continental
Foot of the Pyrenees = cold breezes coming down moderate temperature
More rain, more evenly spread than Carinena, Campo de Borja and Calatayud

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10
Q

Most widely planted grapes in Somontano DO

A

Cabernet SAuvignon

Chardonnay

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11
Q

Unusually for Spain, Somontano DO has significant plantings of what grape?

A

Gewurtztraminer

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12
Q

What is Vinas del Vero?

A

Largest producer in Somontano DO
High-tech winery originally created by local bank
Nwo owned by Gonzalez Byass

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13
Q

Two Sherry producers with investment in Somontano DO?

A

Gonzalez Byass

Barbadillo

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14
Q

What is Vi de Finca?

A

Catalunya system for “exceptional wines”, labelling term

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15
Q

How amny DOs in Catalunya?

A

11 DOs and 1 DOQ

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16
Q

What is Catalunya DO used for?

A

Grapes grown anywhere in Catalunya = large producers, inexpensive and mid-priced blends
Torres Vina Sol

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17
Q

Benefits of using Catalunya DO

A

Volume can be sourced from around Catalunya
International grapes allowed
“Catalunya” name better known than eg “Penedes” internationally

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18
Q

Climate in Penedes DO

A

Warm Mediterranean

but three zones with different topographic and climate influences (Penedes Maritim, Penedes Central, Penedes Superior)

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19
Q

White grapes what % of Penedes DO planting?

A

80%

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20
Q

Most planted grapes (3) in Penedes DO

A

Xarel-lo, Macabeo, Parellada

use for Cava, other sparkling and still whites

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21
Q

Most planted black grape in Penedes DO

A

Merlot

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22
Q

What is Penedes Maritim? Where is it and what style of wine?

A

One of three zones in Penedes
Between sea and coastal range of hills
Low altitude, proximity to sea = warm climate without extremes
Full bodied reds

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23
Q

Where is Penedes Central located?

A 
Flat plains ("Pre-Coastal Depression") between coastal range and inland mountains
Higher altitude than Penedes Maritim
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24
Q

What is Penedes Superior?

A

One of three zones in Peneds
Furthest inland
500-800m
Cool conditions, white grapes

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25
Q

Penedes was one of the first Spanish regions to modernise its winemaking. Why/thanks to who? So what?

A

Miguel Torres studied at Dijon

Region became a source of clean, fruity wines

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26
Q

Priorat winemaking dates back to who/when?

A

Carthusian monks

12th century

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27
Q

What makes viticulture in Priorat difficult?

A

Lack of easy access
Challenging topography
Extremes of weather

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28
Q

What caused vineyards in Priorat to be abandoned at end of 19th century?

A

Outbreak of phyllxoera

Growth of textile industry (loss of labour force)

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29
Q

Who in 1989 formed the small group of Priorat growers and makers to re-invigorate the region?

A

René Barbier

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30
Q

Name a few Priorat wines that were gaining int’l recognition in the 1990s

A 
Clos Mogador
Clos Dofi
Clos de L'Obac
Clos Martinet
Clos Erasmus
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31
Q

When did Priorat become a DOQ?

A

2009

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32
Q

Climate in Priorat

A

Warm continental
Hot summers
Cold winters

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33
Q

What protects Priorat from cold winds?

A

Serra de Montsant

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34
Q

What protects Priorat from Mediterranean influence?

A

Serra de Llaberia

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35
Q

What’s the river in Priorat. What does it do?

A

River Siurana

Creates valleys = lots of altitudes (100-750m) and aspects

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36
Q

Land under vine in Priorat DOQ

A

2,000ha

considerably less than before phylloxera

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37
Q

What are costers?

A

Slopes in Priorat

Gradient 5-60%

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38
Q

Narrow terraces are common in Priorat. What do they do?

A

Help to reduce soil erosion

Allow rainwater infiltrate the soil (surface run-off is reduced)

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39
Q

What are llicorella

A

Slate based soils in Priorat. thin, rocky and lacking in nutrients. particles of mica reflect heat and light

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40
Q

There’s a bedrock of slate in Priorat. So what?

A

It splits into vertical layers

Vine roots can grow deep in search of limited water

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41
Q

Account for low yields in Priorat

A

Old vines
Lack of water
Lack of nutrients in soil
Low density bush vines

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42
Q

max permitted yield in Priorat

average yields in practice

A

max permitted: 39 hl/ha

in reality: 5-6 hl/ha

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43
Q

Most planted grape in priorat

A

Garnacha

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44
Q

Why is Carinena well suited to Priorat

A

Wells utied to hot days and dry conditions

Carinena good with harsh conditions, grown on warmest sites

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45
Q

As well as Garnacha and Carinena, what other black grapes are grown in Prioat?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Popularity waning; some producers use only Garnacha and Carinena

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46
Q

White Priorat: what grape(s)

A

Garnacha Blanca

Macabeo

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47
Q

Cultured yeasts are common in Priorat. Why?

A

High levels of potential alcohol in grapes => fermentation with ambient yeasts can be too slow, lasting many weeks

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48
Q

Standard length of oak ageing for Priorat?

A

1-2 eyars

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49
Q

Four classifications for Priorat

A

Vi de Vila
Vi de Paratge
Vinya Classificada
Gran Vinya Classificada

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50
Q

What is “Vi de Vila” in Priorat?

A

Grapes from one of Priorat’s 12 subzones

Name of suzone + “Vi de Vila” appear on label

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51
Q

What is “Vi de Paratge” in Priorat?

A

Grapes from a single paratge (named site/lieu-dit). 459 paratages in Priorat

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52
Q

How many paratges in Priorat?

A

459

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53
Q

What is a paratge?

A

A lieu-dit/named site in Priorat

54
Q

What is “Vinya Classificada” in Priorat?

A

Wine from a single vineyard of particular merit within a Paratje, equivalent to a cru

55
Q

What is “Gran Vinya Classificada” in Priorat?

A

Wine from a single vineyard of exceptional merit within a Paratje. Equivalent of Grand Cru

56
Q

to use the term “old vines” in Priorat, what do you need?

A

minimum 75 years old/planted before 1945

57
Q

Where is Montsant DO located?

A

Catalunya, forming a ring around Priorat DOQ

58
Q

Waht kind of soils in Montsant DO?

A

Clay based ranging to sandy
Some llicorella, limestone
Overall more fertile than Priorat
=> higher yields

59
Q

Vineyards of Montsant DO: harder or easier to work than Priorat?

A

Easier than Priorat
Topogaprhy less extreme
Trellised vineyards common = easy to mechanise

60
Q

Black grapes what % of Montsant DO?

A

94%

61
Q

Key grapes in Montsant DO?

A

Garnacha and Carinena

unlike Priorat: Tempranillo is 3rd

62
Q

Significant producers in Mosntant DO

A

Espectacle

Celler de Capcanes

63
Q

Montsant land under vine

A

1,900ha

64
Q

How important are co-ops in Montsant DO?

A

Very, account for majority of production

65
Q

Costers del Segre DO first planted by who? when?

A 
Manuel Raventos (Codorniu)
1900s

Raimat winery is here; its success (1978 onwards) led to DO being formed (1980s)

66
Q

Land under vine in Costers del Segre DO. What % is owned by Raimat (Codorniu winery)?

A

4,000ha

one-third owned by Raimat

67
Q

Significant producers in Costers del Segre DO

A

Raimat (Codorniu)

Castell d’Encus

68
Q

Climate in Valencia DO

A

Warm Mediterannean

69
Q

Coolest part of Valencia DO

A

Alto Turia sub-zone
southern foothills of Sistema Iberico mountain range
700-110m
White wines only (Moscatel de Alejandria, Merseguera)

70
Q

What is vino de licor?

A

Valencia DO
Unfermented grape must fortified with grape spirit
Moscatel de Alejandria

71
Q

Most wines in Valencia DO made by who, and in what style?

A

Local co-ops

Fruity style, immediate consumption

72
Q

Land under vine in Utiel-Requena DO

A

35,000ha (!)

73
Q

Most planted grape in Utiel-Requena DO?

A

Bobal

70% of plantings

74
Q

Account for Bobal’s sometimes firm, grippy tannins

A

It can ripen unevely

Lack of ripeness in some bunches gives grippy, firm tannins

75
Q

Bobal was originally best known for rosé. Why?

A

High acid

Fruity nature

76
Q

High quality Bobal in Utiel-Requena DO: Style

A 
Concenrated
Medium (+) tannins
Medium (+) to full body
High acid
Blackberry, black cherr, chocoalte
Old vine fruit
Matured in oak
77
Q

Alicante DO is near what city?

A

Alicante

78
Q

What is Valencia’s smallest DO?

A

Alicante DO

79
Q

Climate in Alicante DO

A

Medietrranean
Hot summers
Cold winters
Growing season very dry

80
Q

What/where is Vinalopo?

A

Main growing zone in Alicante DO

Key grape: Monastrell

81
Q

Monastrell accounts for what % of plantings in Alicante DO?

A

75%

Low density, bush vines

82
Q

Red wines labeleld Alicante DO must be what % Monastrell

A

80%

Other varieties: Alicante Bouschet, Garnacha, Bobal

83
Q

Alicante DO style: red wine

A 
Full body
Dry
High alcohol
High tannin
Ripe black fruit
Oak
84
Q

What is Fondillon?

A 
Historic wine style in Alicante, protected by DO
Medium-sweet red wine
max 40g/l sugar
Late-harvest Moanstrell
Min 16%abv
No fortification allowed
10 years in oak
Oxidised style, dried fruit and nuts
85
Q

Fondillon, historic semi-sweet red in Alicante, can be made in two styles. What are they?

A

Anada: product of one year

solera system: old and young wines

86
Q

Jumilla DO cliamte

A

Warm continental
Hot summers
Cold winters

87
Q

Jumilla DO land under vine

A

25,000ha

88
Q

Dominant grape in Jumilla DO

A

Monastrell (80% of plantings)

89
Q

What happened in Jumilla DO in 1989?

A

It was devastated by phyllxoera
Vines grubbed up and replanted
Higher-quality clones of Monastrell became common
+ improved winemaking techniques => better quality wines

90
Q

Jumilla DO style (Red wine based on Monastrell)

A 
Full body
High alcohol
Ripe blackberry adn cherry
Spice
Medium (+) acidity
91
Q

Other than Monastrell (80% of plantings), what other black grapes in Jumilla DO?

A

Cencibel (Tempranillo), Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Garnacha, Cabernet SAUVIGNON, Merlot, Syrah, petit Verdot

92
Q

Does Jumilla DO just make red wines?

A

No

Majority is red but also some rosé (often from Monastrell) and also small amount of white

93
Q

Most wine produced in Jumilla DO is what kind of volume/price

A

High-volume, inexpensive

Lots of co-ops

94
Q

High-end producers in Jumilla DO

A

Bodegas El Nido

Casa Castillo

95
Q

Yecla DO is located where?

A

Between Jumilla and Alicante

96
Q

Land under vine in Yecla DO

A

6,000ha

97
Q

Yecla DO exports what % of its production?

A

95%

98
Q

Dominant grape variety in Yecla DO?

A

Monastrell

also dominant in Jumilla DO and Alicante DO

99
Q

What is the largest PDO region in Europe?

A

La Mancha DO

158,000ha

100
Q

Castilla-La Mancha is located on what part of the meseta?

A

Southern part of the meseta

101
Q

La Mancha DO located on what geographic feature? What altitude?

A

Meseta

500-700m (but largely flat)

102
Q

What % of vineyards in La Mancha DO are irrigated?

A

40%

103
Q

Planting density in La Mancha DO?

A

Low!
Sometimes as little as 1,000 v/ha for bush vines without irrigation

3,000v/ha for irrigated, trellised vines

104
Q

Most widely planted grape in La Mancha DO?

A

Airen (90,000ha)

105
Q

How many hectares under vine does Airen have in DO La Mancha?

A

90,000ha!

106
Q

La Mancha DO has huge plantings of Airen (90,000ha). What is it used for?

A

1) neutral, low intensity, medium acid white wine for early consumption
2) distilled into BRandy de Jerez

107
Q

Cencibel aka

A

Tempranillo

108
Q

Most planted black grape in La Mancha DO?

A

Cencibel (aka Tempranillo)

109
Q

Are co-ops important in La Mancha DO?

A

Yes, majority of production

e.g. Virgen de las Vinas (in Tomelloso), largest co-op in Spain

110
Q

Largest co-op in Spain? Located where?

A

Virgen de las Vinas
Tomelloso, La Mancha DO
2,000 members
20,000ha

111
Q

What % of DO La Mancha is exported?

A

40%

112
Q

Valdepenas DO best known for what kind of wine?

A

Red wines from Cencibel (Tempranillo)

113
Q

First Vino de Pago in Spain?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa
Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Petit Verdon
Castilla-La Mancha

114
Q

Castilla VT covers which two well known DOs?

A

La Mancha DO
Valdepenas DO
and others

115
Q

What is Euskadi?

A

other name for Basque Country

also Pais Vasco

116
Q

The vineyards of the Basque country are separated in two by what?

A

Cantabrian cordillera
North: near Bilbao and San Sebastian, three DOs for Txakoli
South: Rioja Alavesa

117
Q

How many DOs for Txakoli?

A

Three

118
Q

Key grape for Txakoli?

A

Hondarrabi Zuri

119
Q

Txakoli style

A 
High acid
Medium (-) body
Low alcohol
Fresh apple, pear, lemon
Slight spritz
120
Q

What is Sierra de Gredos?

A

Mountain range west of Madrid

Doesn’t have its own DO. Can use Vinos de Madrid DO, Mentrido DO, Cebreros DO or Castilla y Leon VT

121
Q

What is Albillo Real?

A

White grape (Sierra de Gredos, Spain)
Full body
Citrus and floral
Medium to medium (+) acid

122
Q

Name the Balearic islands (4)

A

Mallorca
Menorca
Ibiza
Formentera

123
Q

Mallorca has how many DOs?

A

2

124
Q

Key grapes for Balearic islands

A

Manto Negro
Callet

also: Monastrell, Tempranillo, Malvasia

125
Q

Climate in Canary Islands

A

tropical influence, hot and humid

Mountainous and altitude makes for cooler days

126
Q

Largest of the Canary Islands?

A

Tenerife

127
Q

Most common grapes on Tenerife

A

Listan Negro
Malvasia
Listan Blanco (Palomino)

128
Q

Where is Valle de Orotava DO?

A

Tenerife

129
Q

What is significant about Valle de Orotava DO in Tenerife?

A

Distinctive viticulture: vines twisted together to form long ropes
Trained on low worse and growing up and down hillsides

130
Q

Topography of Lanzarote

A

relatively flat

dark volcanic ash

131
Q

How are vines planted on Lanzarote?

A

Craters dug into volcanic ash
Surrounded by stone walls to protect from wind
Very low density planting, low yields
Malvasia for dry and sweet styles

D3 KID (35 decks)

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