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D3 KID > Spain: Rioja & Navarra > Flashcards

Spain: Rioja & Navarra Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Rioja DOCa in relation to Castilla y Leon?

A

North-east of the main DOs of Castilla y Leon

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2
Q

What protects Rioja from the worst of Atlantic weather?

A

Sierra de Cantabria to the north

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3
Q

What protects Rioja from the warm meseta in the south?

A

Sierra de la Demanda

part of Sistema Iberico, mountain range

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4
Q

Most Rioja vineyards are in what autonomous community? (plus some in what other provinces)

A

La Rioja
also: Alava province (Basque Country)
Navarra

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5
Q

Three zones for Rioja

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental

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6
Q

Largest of three Rioja zones?

A

Rioja Alta

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7
Q

Climate in Rioja Alta

A

Generally continental

Some maritime influence

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8
Q

Smallest of three Rioja zonse?

A

Rioja Alavesa

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9
Q

Rioja Oriental formerly called what?

A

Rioja Baja

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10
Q

Why was Rioja Baja renamed Rioja Oriental?

A

negative connotation of “Baja” = low

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11
Q

Warmest and driest zone of Rioja?

A

Rioja Oriental

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12
Q

Highest altitudes in each of the Rioja zones?

A

Rioja Alta: 700m
Rioja Alavesa: 700m
Rioja Oriental: 500-1000m

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13
Q

Which area in Rioja is most at risk from climate change?

A

Lowest altitude part of Rioja Oriental

Already warm and suffers from drought

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14
Q

Land under vine in Rioja

A

64,000ha

increase of 50% vs 1990

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15
Q

What % of plantings in Rioja are black grapes?

A

90%

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16
Q

Most planted grape in Rioja

A

Tempranillo

88% of black grape plantings in Rioja

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17
Q

Has Tempranillo always been the dominant grape in Rioja?

A

No. 50 years ago: equal plantings of Tempranillo and Garnacha

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18
Q

Account for Rioja producers replacing much Garnacha with Tempranillo

A

Tempranillo can produce reliably high yields
If volume is the goal rather than quality, more suitable

When irrigation became legal, Garnacha’s drought-restitance less of an advantage

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19
Q

Does Tempranillo ripen early or late? So what?

A

Ripens early
Some Rioja Oriental producers now replanting Garnacha instead, feeling that it (late ripen) is better suited to the warm, dry conditions

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20
Q

Which two zones of Rioja is Tempranillo best suited to?

A

Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa

Able to ripen even in cool high altitude sites

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21
Q

What does Tempranillo bring to red Rioja blends?

A

Dominant component
Raspberry, black plum
Medium to medium (+) tannin
Medium to medium (+) acid

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22
Q

Second most planted grape in Rioja?

A

Garnacha

8% of black grape plantings

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23
Q

What does Garnacha bring to red Rioja blends?

A

ripe strawberry
lower tannins
fuller body

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24
Q

Why is Graciano suited to Rioja?

A

late ripening

drought resistant

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25
Q

What does Graciano bring to red Rioja blend?

A

High acid
High tannin
Fresh black fruit

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26
Q

Mazuelo aka

A

Carinena, Carignan, Carignagno

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27
Q

What does Mazuelo (Carinena) bring to red Rioja blend?

A

High acid

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28
Q

Maturana Tinta aka

A

Trousseau

29
Q

What does Maturana Tinta (Trousseau) bring to red Rioja blend?

A

Deep purple colour
High acid
Fresh cranberry, blackberry

30
Q

Most planted white grape in Rioja?

A

Viura

aka Macabeo

31
Q

Viura aka

A

Macabeo

32
Q

Viura accounts for what % of white grapes in Rioja

A

70%

33
Q

Why is Viura suited to warm, dry sites?

A

Late budding
Late ripeneing
Susceptibtle to botrytis

34
Q

Does Viura always make neutral, generic wines?

A

No. With lower yields and oak maturation it can produce complex, concentrated wines for long ageing (white Rioja)

35
Q

Second most planted white grape in Rioja?

A

Tempranillo Blanco

36
Q

What does Tempranillo Blanco bring to white Rioja blend?

A

High acid

Lemon, grapefruit, pineapple

37
Q

In Rioja what barrels must be used?

A

225L barrique only

38
Q

Why might two producers’ Rioja Gran Reserva be very different in style, quality and price, keeping in mind that both will have been aged for min 2 years in barrique and 3 years in bottle?

A

Regulations only specify ageing requirements

No set rules for vineyard and winery practices

39
Q

Vinos de autor

A 
Rioja wines in the 1990s
Premium wines without an ageing category
Low yields, selected parcels
Move away from prevailing style: lots of concentration, extraction and ageing in American oak
Sounds v much like garagiste
40
Q

French or American oak now more common in Rioja?

A

French!

But some producers still use only American, or blend of both

41
Q

Why is blending across zones/regions/vineyards so common in Rioja?

A

Many small growers, relatively few wienries, large number of co-ops
Blending a necessity for large producers
Garnacha best from Oriental, Tempranillo best from Alta and Alavesa = blend ‘em up

42
Q

Single vineayrd expressions important in Rioja. Example?

A

Lopez de Heredia = Vina Tondonia/Cubillo

43
Q

Inexpensive white Rioja: made how?

A

Protective winemaking
Ferment to dry at cool temps, steel
Bottle early
Unoaked

44
Q

Inexpensive white Rioja from high-yielding Viura: style

A

Relatively netural

Medium acid

45
Q

Inexpensive white Rioja from Verdejo, Tempranillo Blanco, Sauvignon Balnc: style

A

More flavour intensity and acidity than if from Viura

46
Q

Mid-priced and premium white Rioja: made how

A

Oaked style
Previously oxidative in style, not much fruit or fresh cid
Today: oak maturation, but balanced and fresh
Low yielding Viura = concentration and body
Blend in Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca: greater range of flavour

47
Q

Mid-priced and premium white Rioja; stylr

A

Medium (+) body and acid
Subtle citrus
Smoky, nutty complexity

48
Q

Two excellent white Riojas

A 
Castillo Ygay (Marques de Murietta)
Vina Tondonia Gran Reserva (Lopez de Heredia)
Intense, complex teritiary: nuts, honey, dried fruit, high acid
49
Q

Regulatory reform in Rioja: what spurred it?

A

Artadi left the DOCa (2015)
overall discontent with not being able to label subzones etc
Basque Asociacion de Bodegas de Rioja Alavesa (ABRA) pushed for separate classification

Consejo Regualdor reviewed regulations in 2017, published in 2018

50
Q

What is Vino de Zona?

A

new labelling term in Rioja
grapes from single named zone (Alta, Alavesa, Oriental)
15% can come from outside if it borders zone and producer has sourced grapes there for 10 consecutive years
Vinification, ageing and bottling all within the zone
Labels may indicate the zone

51
Q

What is Vino de Municipo

A

new labelling term in Rioja
all sourced from a municipality (village/group of villages)
15% can be outside if bordering the municipality, producer sourcing for 10 years
vinification, ageing and bottling within the municipality
(producer must have a winery in the municipality)

52
Q

What is Vinedo Singular?

A

new labelling term Rioja
single vineyard
vinification, ageing, storage and bottling at the same winery
producer must own vineyard for min 10 years
vineyard must be 35 years old min
various other requirements (yields, pruning etc)

53
Q

Rioja Crianza: minimum ageing

A

RED WINES
24 months
12 months in barrel

WHITE/ROSE
24 months
6 months in barrel

54
Q

Rioja Reserva: minimum ageing

A

RED WINES
36 months
12 mths barrel
6 mths bottle

WHITE/ROSE
24 months
6 mths barrel

55
Q

Rioja Gran Reserva: minimum ageing

A

RED WINES
60 months
24 barrel
24 bottle

WHITE/ROSE
48 mths
6 mths barrel

56
Q

How many growers in Rioja?

A

Almost 15,000 growers
64,841 ha of vines
mostly very small plots

57
Q

Most popular Rioja style on domestic market?

A

Crianza

58
Q

Most popular Rioja style on export markets?

A

Reserva and Gran Reserva

59
Q

How does average bottle price of Rioja compare with other Spanish regions?

A

Substantially higher of Spanish DO wines generally

Yet still far below prestigious regions of France and Italy

60
Q

Land under vine in Navarra DO?

A

11,000ha

61
Q

Five sub-regions of Navarra DO

A 
Baja Montana
Valdizarbe
Tierra Estella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
62
Q

Navarra grows a wide range of grapes. Has this always been the case?

A

No
40 eyars ago, majority Garnacha (for deep coloured rosé)
Govt. funded programme 1970s = Tempranillo introduced
1980s: international varieties

63
Q

Navarra: American and French oak used mostly for which grapes?

A

American: Tempranillo
French: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot

64
Q

Principal white grape in Navarra DO?

A

Chardonnay

65
Q

Chardonnay style in Navarra DO

A

Citrus and peach
Medium alcohol
Medium to medium (+) acid
Unoaked and oaked

66
Q

Navarra DO having lots of different grapes: advantage or disadvantage

A

could be either

argument to focus on signature grape, perhaps Garnacha (old bush vines)

67
Q

Navarra DO rosé must be made using what method?

A

Short maceration on skins
Direct pressing NOT permitted

Maceration 3-4 hours (pale)
6-12 hours (deep)

68
Q

Significant producers in Navarra

A

Domaines Lupier

Chivite

D3 KID (35 decks)

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