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Spain: Rioja & Navarra Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Rioja DOCa in relation to Castilla y Leon?

A

North-east of the main DOs of Castilla y Leon

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2
Q

What protects Rioja from the worst of Atlantic weather?

A

Sierra de Cantabria to the north

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3
Q

What protects Rioja from the warm meseta in the south?

A

Sierra de la Demanda

part of Sistema Iberico, mountain range

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4
Q

Most Rioja vineyards are in what autonomous community? (plus some in what other provinces)

A

La Rioja
also: Alava province (Basque Country)
Navarra

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5
Q

Three zones for Rioja

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental

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6
Q

Largest of three Rioja zones?

A

Rioja Alta

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7
Q

Climate in Rioja Alta

A

Generally continental

Some maritime influence

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8
Q

Smallest of three Rioja zonse?

A

Rioja Alavesa

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9
Q

Rioja Oriental formerly called what?

A

Rioja Baja

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10
Q

Why was Rioja Baja renamed Rioja Oriental?

A

negative connotation of “Baja” = low

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11
Q

Warmest and driest zone of Rioja?

A

Rioja Oriental

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12
Q

Highest altitudes in each of the Rioja zones?

A

Rioja Alta: 700m
Rioja Alavesa: 700m
Rioja Oriental: 500-1000m

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13
Q

Which area in Rioja is most at risk from climate change?

A

Lowest altitude part of Rioja Oriental

Already warm and suffers from drought

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14
Q

Land under vine in Rioja

A

64,000ha

increase of 50% vs 1990

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15
Q

What % of plantings in Rioja are black grapes?

A

90%

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16
Q

Most planted grape in Rioja

A

Tempranillo

88% of black grape plantings in Rioja

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17
Q

Has Tempranillo always been the dominant grape in Rioja?

A

No. 50 years ago: equal plantings of Tempranillo and Garnacha

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18
Q

Account for Rioja producers replacing much Garnacha with Tempranillo

A

Tempranillo can produce reliably high yields
If volume is the goal rather than quality, more suitable

When irrigation became legal, Garnacha’s drought-restitance less of an advantage

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19
Q

Does Tempranillo ripen early or late? So what?

A

Ripens early
Some Rioja Oriental producers now replanting Garnacha instead, feeling that it (late ripen) is better suited to the warm, dry conditions

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20
Q

Which two zones of Rioja is Tempranillo best suited to?

A

Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa

Able to ripen even in cool high altitude sites

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21
Q

What does Tempranillo bring to red Rioja blends?

A

Dominant component
Raspberry, black plum
Medium to medium (+) tannin
Medium to medium (+) acid

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22
Q

Second most planted grape in Rioja?

A

Garnacha

8% of black grape plantings

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23
Q

What does Garnacha bring to red Rioja blends?

A

ripe strawberry
lower tannins
fuller body

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24
Q

Why is Graciano suited to Rioja?

A

late ripening

drought resistant

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25
What does Graciano bring to red Rioja blend?
High acid High tannin Fresh black fruit
26
Mazuelo aka
Carinena, Carignan, Carignagno
27
What does Mazuelo (Carinena) bring to red Rioja blend?
High acid
28
Maturana Tinta aka
Trousseau
29
What does Maturana Tinta (Trousseau) bring to red Rioja blend?
Deep purple colour High acid Fresh cranberry, blackberry
30
Most planted white grape in Rioja?
Viura | aka Macabeo
31
Viura aka
Macabeo
32
Viura accounts for what % of white grapes in Rioja
70%
33
Why is Viura suited to warm, dry sites?
Late budding Late ripeneing Susceptibtle to botrytis
34
Does Viura always make neutral, generic wines?
No. With lower yields and oak maturation it can produce complex, concentrated wines for long ageing (white Rioja)
35
Second most planted white grape in Rioja?
Tempranillo Blanco
36
What does Tempranillo Blanco bring to white Rioja blend?
High acid | Lemon, grapefruit, pineapple
37
In Rioja what barrels must be used?
225L barrique only
38
Why might two producers' Rioja Gran Reserva be very different in style, quality and price, keeping in mind that both will have been aged for min 2 years in barrique and 3 years in bottle?
Regulations only specify ageing requirements | No set rules for vineyard and winery practices
39
Vinos de autor
``` Rioja wines in the 1990s Premium wines without an ageing category Low yields, selected parcels Move away from prevailing style: lots of concentration, extraction and ageing in American oak Sounds v much like garagiste ```
40
French or American oak now more common in Rioja?
French! | But some producers still use only American, or blend of both
41
Why is blending across zones/regions/vineyards so common in Rioja?
Many small growers, relatively few wienries, large number of co-ops Blending a necessity for large producers Garnacha best from Oriental, Tempranillo best from Alta and Alavesa = blend 'em up
42
Single vineayrd expressions important in Rioja. Example?
Lopez de Heredia = Vina Tondonia/Cubillo
43
Inexpensive white Rioja: made how?
Protective winemaking Ferment to dry at cool temps, steel Bottle early Unoaked
44
Inexpensive white Rioja from high-yielding Viura: style
Relatively netural | Medium acid
45
Inexpensive white Rioja from Verdejo, Tempranillo Blanco, Sauvignon Balnc: style
More flavour intensity and acidity than if from Viura
46
Mid-priced and premium white Rioja: made how
Oaked style Previously oxidative in style, not much fruit or fresh cid Today: oak maturation, but balanced and fresh Low yielding Viura = concentration and body Blend in Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca: greater range of flavour
47
Mid-priced and premium white Rioja; stylr
Medium (+) body and acid Subtle citrus Smoky, nutty complexity
48
Two excellent white Riojas
``` Castillo Ygay (Marques de Murietta) Vina Tondonia Gran Reserva (Lopez de Heredia) Intense, complex teritiary: nuts, honey, dried fruit, high acid ```
49
Regulatory reform in Rioja: what spurred it?
Artadi left the DOCa (2015) overall discontent with not being able to label subzones etc Basque Asociacion de Bodegas de Rioja Alavesa (ABRA) pushed for separate classification Consejo Regualdor reviewed regulations in 2017, published in 2018
50
What is Vino de Zona?
new labelling term in Rioja grapes from single named zone (Alta, Alavesa, Oriental) 15% can come from outside if it borders zone and producer has sourced grapes there for 10 consecutive years Vinification, ageing and bottling all within the zone Labels may indicate the zone
51
What is Vino de Municipo
new labelling term in Rioja all sourced from a municipality (village/group of villages) 15% can be outside if bordering the municipality, producer sourcing for 10 years vinification, ageing and bottling within the municipality (producer must have a winery in the municipality)
52
What is Vinedo Singular?
new labelling term Rioja single vineyard vinification, ageing, storage and bottling at the same winery producer must own vineyard for min 10 years vineyard must be 35 years old min various other requirements (yields, pruning etc)
53
Rioja Crianza: minimum ageing
RED WINES 24 months 12 months in barrel WHITE/ROSE 24 months 6 months in barrel
54
Rioja Reserva: minimum ageing
RED WINES 36 months 12 mths barrel 6 mths bottle WHITE/ROSE 24 months 6 mths barrel
55
Rioja Gran Reserva: minimum ageing
RED WINES 60 months 24 barrel 24 bottle WHITE/ROSE 48 mths 6 mths barrel
56
How many growers in Rioja?
Almost 15,000 growers 64,841 ha of vines mostly very small plots
57
Most popular Rioja style on domestic market?
Crianza
58
Most popular Rioja style on export markets?
Reserva and Gran Reserva
59
How does average bottle price of Rioja compare with other Spanish regions?
Substantially higher of Spanish DO wines generally | Yet still far below prestigious regions of France and Italy
60
Land under vine in Navarra DO?
11,000ha
61
Five sub-regions of Navarra DO
``` Baja Montana Valdizarbe Tierra Estella Ribera Alta Ribera Baja ```
62
Navarra grows a wide range of grapes. Has this always been the case?
No 40 eyars ago, majority Garnacha (for deep coloured rosé) Govt. funded programme 1970s = Tempranillo introduced 1980s: international varieties
63
Navarra: American and French oak used mostly for which grapes?
American: Tempranillo French: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
64
Principal white grape in Navarra DO?
Chardonnay
65
Chardonnay style in Navarra DO
Citrus and peach Medium alcohol Medium to medium (+) acid Unoaked and oaked
66
Navarra DO having lots of different grapes: advantage or disadvantage
could be either | argument to focus on signature grape, perhaps Garnacha (old bush vines)
67
Navarra DO rosé must be made using what method?
Short maceration on skins Direct pressing NOT permitted Maceration 3-4 hours (pale) 6-12 hours (deep)
68
Significant producers in Navarra
Domaines Lupier | Chivite

D3 KID (35 decks)

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