Walters - cephalosporins Flashcards
whats a characteristic of cephalosporins
They resist staph Pcnaseses
What are the types of cephalosporins
- cefazolin: IV
- cephalexin: oral
- cefadroxil: oral
what are the first generation cephalosporins effective in
- Gram + bacteria
- 3 gram - bacteria: Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
(PEcK)
what are characteristics of 2nd generation cephalosporins
less gram + and more gram -
2. PecK + H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae
HNPEcK
As you go from 1st generation to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins you lose gram + coverage and gain more gram _____coverage
negative
what are the second generation cephalosporins
- Cefaclor
- Cefuroxime
- Cefoxitin
- Cefotetan
- Cefprozil
____ is associated with symptoms of serum sickness
Cefaclor
Ceftin and Zinacef are categories of
Cefuroxime
___ is a cephamycin. It is active against Bacteroides Fragilis and is given IV/IM
Cefoxitin
_____ has an MTT side chain which antagonizes Vitamin _____ which causes hypoprothrombinemia, so you need to supplement with Vitamin K.
Cefotetan; K
What are characteristics of the third generation cephalosporins
- Much more gram - than gram +
What are the third generation cephalosporins
- Ceftriaxone: given IV/IM
- CEfotaxime
- Cefpodoxime
- Ceftazidime
- Cefdinir
Ceftriaxone is highly ____ bound and displaces bilirubin. Not good for
protein; gonorrhoeae; meningitis.
What is the FDA warning for Ceftriaxone
Do not use with Ca++ containing products in patients <28 days old. In older patients give sequentially but flush and prefer waiting 48 hours.
what can cefriaxone cause
Sludge –>psudolithiasis; symptoms are nausea, anorexia, epigastric distress, colic. This is reversible. Rare reports of toxic hepatitis.
