Walters - cephalosporins Flashcards
whats a characteristic of cephalosporins
They resist staph Pcnaseses
What are the types of cephalosporins
- cefazolin: IV
- cephalexin: oral
- cefadroxil: oral
what are the first generation cephalosporins effective in
- Gram + bacteria
- 3 gram - bacteria: Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
(PEcK)
what are characteristics of 2nd generation cephalosporins
less gram + and more gram -
2. PecK + H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae
HNPEcK
As you go from 1st generation to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins you lose gram + coverage and gain more gram _____coverage
negative
what are the second generation cephalosporins
- Cefaclor
- Cefuroxime
- Cefoxitin
- Cefotetan
- Cefprozil
____ is associated with symptoms of serum sickness
Cefaclor
Ceftin and Zinacef are categories of
Cefuroxime
___ is a cephamycin. It is active against Bacteroides Fragilis and is given IV/IM
Cefoxitin
_____ has an MTT side chain which antagonizes Vitamin _____ which causes hypoprothrombinemia, so you need to supplement with Vitamin K.
Cefotetan; K
What are characteristics of the third generation cephalosporins
- Much more gram - than gram +
What are the third generation cephalosporins
- Ceftriaxone: given IV/IM
- CEfotaxime
- Cefpodoxime
- Ceftazidime
- Cefdinir
Ceftriaxone is highly ____ bound and displaces bilirubin. Not good for
protein; gonorrhoeae; meningitis.
What is the FDA warning for Ceftriaxone
Do not use with Ca++ containing products in patients <28 days old. In older patients give sequentially but flush and prefer waiting 48 hours.
what can cefriaxone cause
Sludge –>psudolithiasis; symptoms are nausea, anorexia, epigastric distress, colic. This is reversible. Rare reports of toxic hepatitis.
____ binds Fe and decreases absorption and reddens feces in infants fed formula high in Fe.
Cefdinir
_____ has neurologic side effects: myoclonus, EEG changes, and disorientation. * caution if epiletic
Ceftazidime
What are the fourth generation cephalosporins
- Cefepime
2. Cefditoren
____ has neurologic side effects.
Cefepime
What are the two cephalosporins that have neurologic side effects
- Ceftazidime
2. Cefepime
____ is a pro Rx hydrolyzed by esterases during absorption.
CEfditoren
What includes the advanced generation cephalosporins
- Ceftaroline
2. Ceftolozane
_____ is a pro Rx for CABP and complicated skin and skin structure functions including MRSA
Ceftaroline
____ is given with tazobactam which is a beta lactase inhibitor and is used for complicated ____ and kidney infections.
Ceftolozane
Ceftolozane is also given with ____ for complicated intraabodimal infections.
metronidazole
What are side effects common to all cephalosporins?
- Hypersensitivity
- Risk of cross allergy with first generation cephalosporins, negligible with 2nd and 3rd unless documented Type I IgE reaction to Penicillin. - Nephrotoxicity
What is FDA warning for cephalosporins
risk of immune mediated hemolytic anemia
