Mata -Toxicology

Question 1

exposure + hazard = ____

Answer 1

risk

Question 2

____determines the response

Answer 2

dose

Question 3

What determine dose

Answer 3

1. Route
2. Duration
3. Frequency of Exposure
4. Drug/Chemical properties

Question 4

Lowest dose is most _____

Answer 4

potent

Question 5

Therapeatuic index is LD50/ _____

Answer 5

ED50

Question 6

What are the 4 mechanisms to reduce toxicity

Answer 6

1. reduce absorption of toxin
2. reduce/inc metabolism
3. increase excretion of toxin
4. neutralize toxic effects

Question 7

how can you reduce absorption of toxin

Answer 7

1. activated charcoal (single dose); adsorbs all drugs except alcohol mineral acids, cyanide and various metals
2. gastric lavage

Question 8

How do you treat acetaminophen OD

Answer 8

give NAC bc it reacts directly with NAPQI and serves as a precursor to gluthathione

Question 9

Urine alkalization via sodium bicarbonate is useful for _____ OD, phenobar, chlorpromade, etc

Answer 9

salicylate

Question 10

By preventing binding of toxin with its target site or preventing binding of endogegenous chemical with its target side you can neutralize toxic effect. . How is this done

Answer 10

1. naloxone treatment for opiate receptors

2. atropine organophosphate pesticides

Question 11

What is used for lead poisoning

Answer 11

Chelation by using calcium ETDA or succimer DMSA, or ascorbic acid

Question 12

What is used for mercury poisoning

Answer 12

chelation:
1. penicillamine
2. unithiol DMPS
3. succimer DMSA