Vishy- Cells and Organs of the Immune System Flashcards
Neutrophils make up ___to 70% of the leukocyte population and are responsible for ___ infection. They contain primary/azurophilic and secondary granules. Primary granules contain ____, ___ and _____. Secondary granules consist of _____
50; acute; myeloperoxidase; lysozymes and alpha defensins; lactoferrin
____ enzyme catalysis the formation of hypochlorous acid and singlet oxygen which both have potent microbicidal effects
Myeolperoxidase
____ are cationic proteins that attach to the cell wall of microbes and induce lysis
Defensins
what degrades peptidoglycan (gram +)
lysozymes
Neutrophils only contribute to ____immunity bc they have short life and poorly express MHC class II molecules on their cell surface, thereby not presenting antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immunity
innate
whenever you see pus formation this means neutrophils release ___
myeloperixase which is green in color.
___have bilobed nuclei and contribute to ____infection and contain ___ granules in cytoplasm
Eusoniphils; parasitic; basic
What are the major basic proteins of eosinophils
- Major basic protein (MBP)
- Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)
- Esoinophilic derived neurotoxin (EDN)
- eosinophil peroxidases (EPO)
Basophils have ___granules. They play an impt role in ____reactions. They present less than 1% of the total WBC and are involved in Type ___hypersensitivity responses ____cells are differentiated cells that resemble basophils. Both of these cells have receptors for ___ which bind to allergens. During secondary exposture to allergans they can directly bind to IgE molecules of mast cells to trigger signaling which mast cells would rupture and release ____ which mediate allergic reactions
acidic; allergic; 1; mast IgE; histamine
Monocytes are derived from monoblast precursor which belongs to the ____lineage and form 4-6% of population with a life span of 2 days. . They provide first line of defense agains intracellular ______and are precursors of macrophages. ____cells are macrophages of the liver. _____cells are macrophages of the kidney
myeloid; pathogens; kupffer; mesangial
Monocytes and macrophages express ____ on their cell surface
CD14
What are differences between monocytes and macrophages?
- Macrophages are differentiated.
- Monocytes are present in circulation, macrophgaes present in tissuee.
- Macrophages live longer and their ability to kill things are greater
- Macrophages have more cytoplasmic organelles and more extensions like dendrites.
- Macrophages kill organisms by different pathways
- Macrophages do not produce hypochlorous acid and singlet oxygen bc they lack myeloperoxidase and alpha defensins
Even DC’s express ____on their cell surface
CD14
What are the different pathways that monocytes/macrophages can kill microorganisms
- generation of reactive O intermediates
- reactive nitrogen intermediates
- fusion of phagosomes containing bacteria with lysosomes.
- Antimicrobial peptides
Dendritic cells can phagocytose as well as _____ and are considered as the most efficient ___ presenting cells. Conjugate antigenic peptides to MHC 1 or MHC II molecules to T cells.
pinocytose; antigen
CD4 T cells recognizeantigenic peptides displayed on cell surface of DC’s in conjunction with MHC Class II molecules, whereas CD8 T cells recognize antigenic peptides on cell surface of DC’s in conjunction with MHC Class
I
CD4 T cells and CD8 T cell recognition occurs in two diff compartments within the cell. If protein antigen is _____, virus releases proteins which is targeted into _____ compartment which gets broken down into simple antigenic peptides. ____ protein conjugates/transport broken antigenic peptide present in proteosomal compartment to ___ ___which then the antigenic peptides get conjugated with MHC Class ___molecules and the entire complex gets presented on cell surface of DC’s for ___ recognition
intracellular; proteosomal; TAP; rough ER; I; CD8
If protein antigen is _____, protein gets ingested by DC’s, and goes through ____compartment which gets broken down to antigenic peptides which get conjugated to MHC class ____ molecules which get presented to CD4 T cell recognition
extracellular; endosomal; II
____are not phagocytic and recognize abnormal cells by detecting down regulation of ____ ____molecules. They do not express CD3, C4, or CD8. THey express ____receptors and killer inhibitory receptors on their cell surface: _____and produce ___ and granulysin that can kill the target cells. ___ molecules also release these antimicorobial peptides
natural killer cells; MHC class I; activating (KAR); (KIR); perforin; CD8
T cells are also known as helper T cells and have ___ molecules as well as CD4 and CD8 T cells. CD4 T cells are called hlper T cells bec they produce ____ such as ____that can enhance macrophages functions to control intracellular pathogens. They also produce IL-4 and IL-5 that activate B cells to prod diff classes of antibodies in response to protein antigens. CD8 T cells are also called ____ T cells bc they produce perforin and granulysin. They also produce ____ which can induce apoptosis of target cells/host cell.
CD3; IFN-gamma; cytotoxic; granzymes
What are characteristics of T helper 1 cells
- Aid in cellular immunity
2. secretion of IL-2 and IFN -gamma
What are characteristics of T helper 2 cells
- Aid B cells to produce certain classes of antibody
- Characterized by secretion of
- IL-4: B cell growth factor
- IL-5: B cell diff factor
- IL-10: immunosuppresant effects
CD8 T cells signal apoptosis via ___ on the target cell surface and Fas ligand on the CTL surface
Fas
____ cells produce antibodies and express ___ on their cell surface which is a B cell receptor.
___ cells are descendants of B cells and dont have B cell receptor and live for a month. They have ___ shaped nucleus. They serve as a factory to produce antibodies and then dies after.
B; IgM; plasma; star
