Thrush- Transplantation Flashcards
fist human kidney transplant occurred in russia and pt died because of ____ type mismatch. First successful kidney transplant was between identical twins
blood;
What are the commonly transplanted organs
- kidney
- pancreas
- heart
- lung
- bone marrow
- cornea
- skin (autologous)
- liver
___ is self tissue transferred form one site to another in the same ind. ____ is tissue transferred from genetically identical inds. ____ is tissue transferred bet genetically distinct ind’s of the same species. ____ is tissue transferred between different species.
autograft; isograft; allograft; xenograft
Graft rejection is due to ____ and ____. first set rejection takes place 1-2 weeks for immunological recognition and rejection. (primary immune response). Second set rejection occurs if you put the same tissue on ind again, then see a quicker rejection. (memory response)
specificity; memory
____ by themselves play a significant role in rejection. If you get rid of CD4 cells you can prolong the survival of that particular translated tissue.
CD4
If you throw Ab to both CD4 and CD8 you can extend survival up to ___ days.
60
what happens during alloreactive activation
where IS recognizes allotypic diff’s form one human to another. They activate CD4 and CD8 cells and destroy tissue
the alloreactive activation and host DC’s cleaning up mess is part of the _____ phase
sensitization
___ cleans up mess , if Ag is diff between donor and recipient, you’ve activated T helper cells to stimulate B cells to destroy tissue.
host DC’s
what is part of the effector stage
- Delayed type hypersensitivity cells: promote inflammation
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: mediate cytotoxicity; recognize graft cells.
- IL-2: T cell proliferation and CTL activation
- IFN-gamma: DTH response, recruitment of macrophages
- TNF-beta: directly cytotoxic to graft cells.
- ADCC- Ab brings in NK cells, eosoinpils etc and release lytic components
T helper cell can produce cytokines to produce direct _____.
cytoxicity; direct lysis
What are the 3 major categories of rejection
- acute rejection
- hyperacute rejection
- chronic rejection
describe acute rejection
- takes 2-4 weeks after transplant
- once initiate rejection, usually quickly proceeds (CTL and DTH)
- usually due to differences in classical MHC genes.
____ rejection almost has immediate rejection. Due to preformed Ab which can stimulate complement activation.
Hyperacute
Which patients are more prone to hyper acute rejections
- patients with repeated blood transfusions (potential exposure to graft antigens)
- women who have had many pregnancies (exposure to paternal alloantigens from fetus)
- patients given a previous graft
______ is the slowest and least vigorous and is due to ____ histocompatibility antigens which can stimulate an immune reaction and cause rejection of transplanted tissue.
chronic; minor
Immunosuppressive drugs help stop ___ rejection but not chronic.
acute
because humans are an outbred population and the fact that the MHC genes are ____ there is a small chance that two people will be histocompatible
polymorphic
the ____ loci codes for proteins that play the biggest role in graft survival.
MHC
class ____ MHC matches are more important that class I.
II
____ type differences are the other major factor for graft success.
blood
blood group antigens are expressed on RBCs, epithelial cells, and ____ cells
endothelial
If there is no diff in class II and if there are slight diff in class I there is still survival of transplant. But if there is a diff in class ____, and class I there is more rejection.
II
how do you insure graft survival?
- blood type match
- MHC matching
3.
