Thrush - Cytokines Flashcards
Cytokines are important mediators of cell- cell communication and generally act locally in a ____ and ____ fashion, not so much endocrine except for IL-6.
autocrine; paracrine
IL-12 produces a _____response which stimulates inflammation and cytotoxicity
Th1
Th2 response stimulates B cell proliferation and _____ secretion
Ab
_____ are cytokines that are produced by lymphocytes and stimulate ____ , IL-4, etc
lymphokines; IL-2
_____ are cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages and stimulate IL-1, IL-6 and ____alpha
monokines; TNF-alpha
____ are cytokines produced by WBCs and act on WBC and stimulate IL-1-IL-37
interleukins
_____ are low molecular weight molecules important in the inflammatory response; chemotaxis and stimulates IL-8, rantes, etc
chemokines
A cytokine can be ____ which means it could have different biological effects on different target cells
pleiotrophic
What is an ex of a pleitrophic cytokine? Explain why
IL-4; IL-4 is an important Th2 type cytokine which helps B cells proliferate. IL-4 also plays an important role in early dev T cells and their proliferation. IL-4 can also produce IgE which plays a role in mast cells which play an important role in allergic response
cytokines can also be ____ which means multiple different cytokines will have similar activity.
redundant
Cytokines can be ____ which means that they work together
syngergistic; IL4 and IL-5 causing a class switch to IgE
Cytokines can be ____which means they work against each other. what is an ex of this
antagonistic; IFN-gamma has a negative impact on B cell bc it inhibits Th2 cells by blocking the activity of a Th2 cells
____inhibits macrophage production of ____, thus inhibiting Th1 cells
IL-10; IL-12
Th1 cells are most important for _____ and Th2 are most important in humoral immunity.
CMI
____ produced by the APC, is an extremely important cytokine that drives the Th0 to a Th1.
IL-12
The determination of which cytokines to produce is controlled by the ____ cascade and transcription factors that are produced within the Th cells. In the case of the T1 lineage they produce stat ___ and T-bet, whereas, the Th2 lineage produces ____ and GATA-3
signaling; 1; 6
The Th ___ response is better for patients who have leprosy and will survive the infection bc it shows the tuberuloid form. Ind who mount the Th2 response develop ____ leprosy and the outcome is fatal.
1; lepromatous
The Th____ response would be best in a patient infected with HIV
1`
cytotoxicity, inflammation, and cell mediated immunity is due to the presence of which cytokines?
IL-2 and IFN-gamma
what are the major cytokines produced by th2?
IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10
In the presence of ____, the Th0 cell will go down lineage of Th2 to have B cell proliferation
IL-4
Th1 response if generally for an ____ viral infection. Th2 response is for ____ infection.
intracellular; extracellular
IL-12 promotes Th1, ____ sends a negative signal to the Th2 line and inhibits Th2 production of cells. IL-4 promotes Th2, ____ inhibits production of IL-12 and blocks the Th1 pathway
IFN-gamma; IL-10
the cytokine _____ determines whether or not the cell can respond to a certain cytokine. they have a short half life and act locally bc they are so potent. Cytokines have two chains, the cytokine ____ unit acts with the cytokine and the other chain is called the _____ transducing unit
receptor; specific; signal;
