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IDIT > Mesa - inflammation > Flashcards

Mesa - inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what is acute inflammation

A

a rapid host response that serves to deliver leukocytes and plama proteins such as Ab to site of infection or injury

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2
Q

what are 3 major components of acute inflammation

A
  1. dilation of small caliber vessels: lead to inc in blood flow
  2. increased permeability of the microvasculature: that permit plasma proteins and leukocytes to leave the circulation
  3. emigration of the leukocytes: from microcirculation, accumulation if the focus of injury, and their activation to eliminate the offending agent.
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3
Q

What are stimuli for acute inflammation

A
  1. infections (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic)
  2. tisse necrosis
  3. foreign bodies
  4. immune reactions
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4
Q

what are reaction of blood vessels in acute inflammation

A
  1. vasodilation: induced by action of several mediators.
  2. contraction of endothelial cells
  3. endothelial injury, resulting in endothelial cell necrosis and detachment
  4. increased transport of fluids and proteins called transocytosis
  5. increased permeability of the microvasculature.
  6. stasis
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5
Q

what are reactions of leukocytes in inflammation

A

recruitment of leukocytes to site of infection and injury:

  1. leukocyte adhesion to endothelium
  2. leukocyte migration through endothelium
  3. chemotaxis of leukocytes
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6
Q

what are the sequence of events of inflammation

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. increased vascular permeability
  3. leakage of exudate
  4. margination, rolling, adhesion
  5. transmigration (diapedesis)
  6. chemotaxis
  7. PMN activation
  8. Phagocytosis
  9. Termination
  10. 100% resolution, scar, or chronic inflammation
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7
Q

which cells play a major role in acute inflammation

A

neutrophils

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8
Q

what are the four signs of acute inflammation

A
  1. rubor (redness)
  2. calor (heat)
  3. tumor (swelling)
  4. dolor (pain)
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9
Q

____ has high protein content and may contain some white and red cells

A

exudate

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10
Q

____ has low protein content and contains few cells

A

transudate

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11
Q

what are some adhesion molecules

A
  1. selectins

2. integrins

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12
Q

what is chemotaxis

A

PMNS going to the site of injury after transmigration

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13
Q

what happens after leukocyte activation

A
  1. produce eicosonaoids
  2. undergo degranulation
  3. secrete cytokines.
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14
Q

what are the classic mediators of acute inflammation

A
  1. histamine
  2. serotonin
  3. complement
  4. kinins
  5. clotting factors
  6. eicosanoids
  7. nitric oxide
  8. platelet activating factor
  9. cytokines
  10. chemokines
  11. lysosome constitutents
  12. free radicals
  13. neuropeptides
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15
Q

___ is a powerful vasodilator and is a vasoactive ___.

A

histamine; amine

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16
Q

Serotonin evokes NO synthase from _____

A

argenine

17
Q

____ is a key component in the kinin system. Its actions are to increase permeability, in smooth muscle contraction, and is for _____

A

bradykinin; pain

18
Q

what are parts of cell membranes

A
  1. prostaglandins
  2. leukotrienes
  3. lipoxins
19
Q

Prostaglandins are mainly for pain, _____ and clotting

A

fever

20
Q

Leukotrienes are involved in chemotaxis, _____ and increased permeability

A

vasoconstriction

21
Q

____ counteract actions of leukotrienes and inhibit chemotaxis. They vasodilate

A

lipoxins

22
Q

Platelet activating factor activate platelets and vas constrict and _____constrict

A

bronchoconstrict

23
Q

____ are produced produced by many cells and tell cells what to do and where to go

A

cytokines

24
Q

____ and macrophages play a major role in acute and chronic inflammation

A

lymphocytes

25
Q

macrophages have ____ and IL-1

A

TNF-alpha

26
Q

____ are small proteins which are attractants for neutrophils

A

chemokines

27
Q

what are the primary/ azurophilic lysosomal constituents

A

they are non specific

  • myeloperoxidase
  • lysozyme
  • acid hydrolases
28
Q

what are the secondary lysosomal constituents

A

Specific:

  • lactoferrin
  • lysozyme
  • alkaline phosphatase
  • collagenase
29
Q

what are the free radicals that are very destructive

A
  1. superoxide
  2. peroxide
  3. hydroxyl radical
30
Q

what are the morphologic patterns of acute inflammation

A
  1. serous (watery)
  2. fibrinous (hemorrhagic)
  3. suppurative (pus)
  4. ulcerative
31
Q

what are causes of chronic inflammation

A
  1. persistence of infection
  2. prolonged exposure to insult
  3. auto immunity
32
Q

what are 4 components in granulatmous inflammation

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. lymphs
  3. histiocytes
  4. giant cells
33
Q

what are the caseating granulomas

A
  1. mycobacteria
  2. syphillis
  3. some fungi
34
Q

what are the non caveating granulomas

A
  1. sarcoidosis
  2. leprosy
  3. crowns disease
35
Q

what are systemic manifestations that occur that are non specific

A
  1. fever, chills
  2. c reactive protein
  3. acute phase reactants
  4. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  5. leukocytosis
  6. pulse, blood pressure
  7. cytokine effects (TNF-alpha, IL-1)

IDIT (44 decks)

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