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IDIT > Mesa - Tissue repair > Flashcards

Mesa - Tissue repair Flashcards

1
Q

____ is the growth of cells to replace lost tissues

A

regeneration

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2
Q

____ is a reparative tissue response to a wound, inflammation, or necrosis and often leads to fibrosis

A

healing

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3
Q

______ follows healing and requires a CT scaffold and occurs in proportion to the damage of the ECM

A

fibrosis

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4
Q

______ is one of the key concepts in neoplasia and can gain specialization and lose ____

A

differentiation; versatility

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5
Q

what are the cell types?

A
  1. labile: continuosly dividing; marrow; GI
  2. quiscent: stable; liver, kidney
  3. nondividing: permanent; neuron, striated muscle
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6
Q

what are the two mechanisms of stem cells

A
  1. obligatory assymetric replication: with each stem cell division, one of the daughter cells retains its self renewing capacity while the other enters a differentiation pathway
  2. stochastic differentiation: stem cell pop maintained by the balance bet stem cell divisions that generate either two self renewing stem cells or two cells that will differentiate
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7
Q

what are the different types of growth factors

A
  1. epidermal
  2. transforming
  3. hepatocyte
  4. vascular endothelial
  5. platelet derived
  6. fibroblast
  7. cytokines
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8
Q

what are the cells players and and targets?

A
  1. lymphocytes
  2. macrophages
  3. platelets
  4. endothelial cells
  5. fibroblasts
  6. keratinocytes
  7. mesenchymal cells
  8. smooth muscle cells
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9
Q

____ GF is made in platelets and macrophages. It is present in saliva, milk, urine, and plasma and acts on ____ to migrate, divide. Also acts on _____ to produce granulation tissue

A

Epidermal; keratinocytes; fibroblasts

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10
Q

_____GF is made in mesenchymal cells. Causes proliferation of _____, endothelium and hepatocytes. Effect on cell motility

A

Hepatocyte; epithelium

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11
Q

____ GF is made in mesenchymal cells as well and is triggered by ____. Increases vascular permeabilityy. Mitogenic for endothelial cells and is a key substance in promoting ______ tissue

A

Vascular endothelial; hypoxia; granulation

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12
Q

_____ derived GF is made in platelets as well as other cell types. Chemotactic for many cells. Mitogen for ____. Induces angiogenesis and is another key player in ______ tissue

A

platelet; fibroblasts; granulation

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13
Q

____ GF is made in many cell. IT is chemotactic and mitogenic for ____ and _____. Induces re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. important in cardiac/skeletal muscle

A

fibroblast; keratinocytes; fibroblasts

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14
Q

T(transforming) GF-beta is in many cells including macrophages and stimulates migration/proliferation of _____. Increases collagen synthesis and inhibits ____ cells. helps limit and terminate inflammatory responses

A

fibroblasts; epithelial

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15
Q

____GF is made in fibroblasts and is stimulated by migration, proliferation and ______

A

keratinocyte; differentiation

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16
Q

_____GF stimulates sulfated proteoglycans, collagen, keratinocyte migration, fibroblast proliferation, and acts similar to GH.

A

I (insulin)

17
Q

_____ activates macrophages and is a key influence on other cytokines.

A

TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

18
Q

_____ have many functions such as chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and regulation of other cytokines.

A

interleukins

19
Q

_____ also activates macrophages but inhibit fibroblasts and also regulates other cytokines

A

interferons

20
Q

____ signaling has to do with the same cell. ____ signaling has to do with the next door neighbor and includes many GFs. ____ signaling is far away is and is delivered by blood, and steroid hormones

A

autocrine; paracrine; endocrine

21
Q

What ar the functions of the ECM

A
  1. maintain cell differentiation
  2. scaffolding
  3. establish microenvironment
  4. storage of GFs
22
Q

The ECM is composed of 3 groups of macromolecules:

A
  1. fibrous structural proteins
  2. adhesive glycoproteins
  3. proteoglycans/hyaluronan
23
Q

what makes up the fibrous structural proteins of the ECM

A
  1. collagen
  2. elastin
  3. fibrillin
24
Q

what makes up the adhesive glycoprotein

A
  1. immunoglobulins
  2. cadherins
  3. integrins
  4. selectins
25
Q

what makes up the proteoglycans/hyaluronan

A
  1. heparan sulfate
  2. chondroitin/dermatan sulfate
  3. keratan sulfate
26
Q

Collagen I is main component of _____. Collagen II is main component of ______. Collagen III is main component of _____ and collagen VI is main component of the _____ membrane

A

bone; cartilage; reticular fibers; basement

27
Q

what is the process of healing

A

proliferation and migration of CT–> angiogenesis–> collagen or other ECM protein synthesis –> tissue remodeling –> wound contraction –> increase in wound strength

28
Q

neovascularization (angiogenesis) is from ____ precursor cells and pre existing vessels and is stimulated by GFs especially _____.

A

endothelial; VEGF

29
Q

there is overlap between inflammation and _____ tissue

A

granulation

30
Q

What are the two types of wound healing

A
  1. primary intention

2. secondary intention

31
Q

describe primary intention

A
  1. edges are lined up
  2. minimizes scarring
  3. wound closure performed with stiches or adhesive tape
32
Q

describe secondary intention

A
  1. edges are not lined up
  2. wound is allowed to granulate
  3. healing is slow due to presence of drainage from infection
  4. More granulation, epithelialization and fibrosis
33
Q

what are local wound retarding factors

A
  1. decrease blood supply
  2. denervation
  3. local infection
  4. Foreign body
  5. hematoma
  6. mechanical stress
  7. necrotic tissue
34
Q

what are systemic retarding wound factors

A
  1. decrease blood supply
  2. age
  3. anemia
  4. malignancy
  5. obesity
  6. infection
  7. organ failure

IDIT (44 decks)

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