Thrush - vaccines

Question 1

What is passive immunization

Answer 1

Is where preformed molecules (Antibodies) are transferred form an immune indivisual/animal to a non immune person. For ex: when some one gets a snake bite. they need anti venom to help neutralize the toxin.

Question 2

____ immunization is used for an immediate response. It has no ____ response.

Answer 2

Passive; memory

Question 3

What are agents used for passive immunization

Answer 3

1. horse antivenom: black widow spider bites & snake bites
2. horse antitoxin: botulism & diphtheria
3. pooled human Ig: Hep A and

Question 4

_____ immunization is where an individual is exposed to antigens and their own body mounts an immune response. This is ideal bc it stimulates ones own body to develop ____ cells.

Answer 4

Active; memory

Question 5

Due to active vaccination which diseases have been reduced in the US

Answer 5

1. polio

2. diptheria

Question 6

The new vaccines that the CDC recommends are ____ and ____ virus associated with causing cervical cancer.

Answer 6

rotavirus; papilloma

Question 7

What is the impact of vaccinations?

Answer 7

1. eradicated small pox in 1977.

2. reduction of polio

Question 8

what are the 3 countries that still have polio?

Answer 8

1. afghanistan
2. pakistan
3. nigeria

Question 9

what are the different types of vaccines

Answer 9

1. attenuated
2. inactivated
3. toxoid

Question 10

What is important before giving a vaccine?

Answer 10

1. age: some vaccines don’t work in very young;also maternal Abs can inhibit response
2. immunosuppressed ind’s: can have pathogenic responses to attenuated vaccines

Question 11

This type of vaccine persists longer in the body since it is a “live” strain. It is non pathogenic and generally don’t need boosters with hit. It stimulates CMI as well as humoral immunity.

Answer 11

attenuated

Question 12

when does an attenuated vaccine become a problem

Answer 12

1. may revert to pathogenic strain

2. may cause disease in immunosuppressed

Question 13

This type of vaccine has been chemically inactivated. It usually requires multiple boosters and may not stay in body as long. It primarily has a ____ cell response. It can become a problem if there are mistakes in preparation or if microbe is not killed it can cause disease

Answer 13

inactivated; B

Question 14

_____ ______ are used against bacterial capsular polysaccharides. Because sugars are not the best at activating a memory response, some of the capsule vaccines are conjugated with proteins (hapten carrier effect) in order to best stimulate the memory response.

Answer 14

inactivated toxins (toxoid)

Question 15

Vaccines are NOT related to autism. The reason why autism has increased is because:

Answer 15

1. continual revision of the criteria for autism: includes milder forms
2. US schools now req to report data on kids receiving SE
3. less stigma
4. can apply for medicaid if child is autistic

Question 16

what are some vaccine limitations

Answer 16

1. existence of multiple serotypes
2. antigenic variation
3. antigenic competition; some vaccines don’t work well together
4. passive Ab interference