W4-2 Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

Activates biochemical events, “evokes response”

Question 2

Most common second messenger system

Answer 2

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 3

Best known pharmacologic interaction mechanism

Answer 3

Ligand-gated ion channels

Question 4

Pharmaceuticals often bind ________ proteins in order to ________ transcription

Answer 4

chaperone, inactivate

Question 5

Major reason for drug-drug interactions

Answer 5

Overlapping 2nd messenger systems

Question 6

Two types of drugs that do not interact with receptors

Answer 6

Chelating agents

Volatile anesthetics

Question 7

Antimetabolites

Answer 7

Interfere with DNA/RNA synthesis

Question 8

What is EC50?

Answer 8

The amount of drug needed to elicit 50% of the maximal response

Question 9

Affinity

Answer 9

1/Kd (1/dissociation constant)

Question 10

Potency

Answer 10

Compares relative drug strengths

Question 11

Antagonist

Answer 11

Inhibits action of agonist, efficacy alpha = 0

Question 12

Quantal Dose Effect

Answer 12

Population response, “all or nothing” response over very narrow concentration range

Question 13

Tachyphylaxis

Answer 13

Hyporeactivity induced rapidly after a few doses

Question 14

Therapeutic index

Answer 14

TI=LD50/ED50

Higher is better

Question 15

Cyt P-450 types for codeine metabolism

Answer 15

More 2D6 than 3A4
Quinidine reduces 2D6
Grapefruit juice reduces 3A4

Question 16

3 benefits of personalized medicine

Answer 16

1. Safer drugs
2. Increased effectiveness
3. Dosages calculated on genetics

Question 17

2 alleles that can be examined before starting warfarin therapy

Answer 17

VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase)

CYP2C9 (cytochrome p450 2C9)

Question 18

Molecular test that may be used for detecting SNPs

Answer 18

Deep sequencing
Exon trapping
Direct sequencing

Question 19

Describe general role of cytochrome p450 gene family

Answer 19

Drug metabolism, activation and breakdown

Question 20

3 general types of metabolizers and the significance for pain management

Answer 20

“Poor metabolizers” cannot metabolize codeine
“Extensive metabolizers” can metabolize codeine
“Ultrarapid metabolizers” metabolize codeine too quickly

Question 21

When is a genetic test needed prior to administering cancer therapy?

Answer 21

When we look for specific biomarkers to attack

Question 22

Golden equation of flow

Answer 22

delta P
flow= ————
R

Question 23

Gut associate lymphoid tissue

Answer 23

trained by normal intestinal flora to respond appropriately to invaders