W3-2 Intro Antibiotics Flashcards
Contrast bactericidal and bacteriostatic
bactericidal: kills bacteria
bacteriostatic: stops bacteria from replicating
Bacterial ribosomes are very similar to ribosomes found where in humans?
mitochondria
Therapeutic index
TD50 (toxic amt)
Therapeutic index= —————————————
ED50 (therapeutic amt)
Do you want a high or low therapeutic index?
high, the closer to 1 the TI is, the more dangerous it is
Three spectra for antibiotics
Narrow
Extended
Broad
Prophylaxis
prevent infection
Pre-emptive therapy
labs positive, pt nonsymptomatic
Empiric therapy
symptomatic infection but no organism identified
Definitive therapy
known organism
Suppressive therapy
continued after disease is controlled
Pharyngitis: most common cause
VIRUS
What does the rapid antigen detection test for strep look for?
C-carbohydrate
Catalase test
motitors degradation of H2O2, differentiates Staphylococci and Streptococci
Three results of hemolysis
beta: clearing around colonies
alpha: green ring
gama: no hemolysis
What is an efflux pump?
Annoying machinery that pumps expensive drugs out of bacteria
Intrinsic resistance
Absence or inaccessibility of target of drug action
Acquired drug resistance
From genetic variability, selected for in presence of antibiotics
Transformation
Changing circular DNA strand
Transduction
From bacteriophage
Conjugation
Sharing plasmids
Transposition
Moving genes within genome
Antibiotic susceptibility testing
Can be used diagnostically
Minimum inhibitory concentration
lowest concentration that prevents visible growths
