Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Purines
Adenine, Guanine
Pyrimidines
Thyamine, Cytesine, Uracil
of hydrogen bonds AT or AU
2
of hydrogen bonds GC
3
Positively charged protein balls holding DNA together
Histones
Histones + DNA = ??
Nucleosome
What is a nucleoside missing vs a nucleotide?
Phosphates
Which DNA conformation is most common?
B-DNA
What does a FISH stain do?
Labels each chromosome a different color
T/F Total # of chromosomes directly corresponds to species complexity
F
T/F Level of gene regulation directly corresponds to species complexity
T
What are the functions of introns?
Possibly gene regulation through microRNAs or may influence promotor binding
Amount of condensation in DNA of eukaryotes
10,000x
Histones contain large amounts of which amino acids?
Arginine and Lysine
What is the function of the H1 protein?
Link DNA between histones
How are histone tails modified for the regulation of gene expression most commonly?
Acetylation of lysine residues (acetylation = gene expression)
“Loose” chromatin
Euchromatin
Condensed chromatin
Heterochromatin
This enzyme is often unregulated in cancerous cells, silencing tumor suppression genes and may be a target for drugs
HDACs (histone deacetylase)
At which carbon is deoxyribose missing an alcohol?
2 prime
In what order is mRNA processed?
- 5’ cap
- 3’ poly-A tail
- Splicing
Prokaryotic rRNA subunits
5S, 23S, 16S
Eukaryotic rRNA subunits
5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 28S
Which end of the tRNA is complementary to the condon for an amino acid?
5’
Which end of the tRNA contains the amino acid?
3’
How many bp do micro-RNAs usually consist of?
21-22
