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Foundations > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Purines

A

Adenine, Guanine

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2
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Thyamine, Cytesine, Uracil

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3
Q

of hydrogen bonds AT or AU

A

2

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4
Q

of hydrogen bonds GC

A

3

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5
Q

Positively charged protein balls holding DNA together

A

Histones

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6
Q

Histones + DNA = ??

A

Nucleosome

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7
Q

What is a nucleoside missing vs a nucleotide?

A

Phosphates

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8
Q

Which DNA conformation is most common?

A

B-DNA

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9
Q

What does a FISH stain do?

A

Labels each chromosome a different color

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10
Q

T/F Total # of chromosomes directly corresponds to species complexity

A

F

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11
Q

T/F Level of gene regulation directly corresponds to species complexity

A

T

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12
Q

What are the functions of introns?

A

Possibly gene regulation through microRNAs or may influence promotor binding

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13
Q

Amount of condensation in DNA of eukaryotes

A

10,000x

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14
Q

Histones contain large amounts of which amino acids?

A

Arginine and Lysine

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15
Q

What is the function of the H1 protein?

A

Link DNA between histones

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16
Q

How are histone tails modified for the regulation of gene expression most commonly?

A

Acetylation of lysine residues (acetylation = gene expression)

17
Q

“Loose” chromatin

A

Euchromatin

18
Q

Condensed chromatin

A

Heterochromatin

19
Q

This enzyme is often unregulated in cancerous cells, silencing tumor suppression genes and may be a target for drugs

A

HDACs (histone deacetylase)

20
Q

At which carbon is deoxyribose missing an alcohol?

A

2 prime

21
Q

In what order is mRNA processed?

A
  1. 5’ cap
  2. 3’ poly-A tail
  3. Splicing
22
Q

Prokaryotic rRNA subunits

A

5S, 23S, 16S

23
Q

Eukaryotic rRNA subunits

A

5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 28S

24
Q

Which end of the tRNA is complementary to the condon for an amino acid?

A

5’

25
Q

Which end of the tRNA contains the amino acid?

A

3’

26
Q

How many bp do micro-RNAs usually consist of?

A

21-22

Foundations (32 decks)

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