Vulval Cancer Flashcards
Symptoms of vulva cancer?
Pain
Itch
Bleeding
Lump/ulcer
Which age group are more likely to get vulva cancer?
Older age, 75% > 60
->however, age can range from late twenties until late nineties
Risk factors of vulva cancer?
Intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer at other lower genital tract site
Lichen sclerosis
Smoking
Immunosuppression
What are the two different pathways of vulva cancer?
HPV related
Non-HPV related
Who would be more likely to develop HPV related vulva cancer?
Younger women
Immunosuppressed
-?older women tend to have non-HPV related vulva cancer
HPV related vulva cancer can be multizonal. What does this mean?
Can affect other anatomical sites such as vagina, perianal skin, anal mucosa
What is a pre-disposing factor for non-HPV related vulva cancer?
Lichen scleorosus
Stage 1 of vulva cancer?
<2cm size
Stage 2 of vulva cancer?
> 2cm size
Stage 3 of vulva cancer?
Local spread, risk of infecting lymph nodes
Stage 4 of vulva cancer?
Distant metastasis
Which types of biopsy may be done for diagnosis of vulva cancer?
Punch biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Treatment of vulva cancer?
Surgery- local excision, unilateral or bilateral node dissection
Radiotherapy/chemotherapy
Groin node dissection allows for staging and removal of nodal disease. In a groin node dissection, which nodes are removed?
Inguinal and upper femoral nodes
What are some of the complications of groin wound dissection?
Wound infection
Lymphocysts
Nerve damage