Breast Lecture 1-2

Question 1

What are the different factors that contribute to breast size and shape?

Answer 1

Genetics
Race
Dietary factors

Question 2

Which muscles does the breast lie anterior to?

Answer 2

Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior

Question 3

Where does the breast extend to and from?

Answer 3

3rd-6th rib
Sternal edge to midaxillary line

Question 4

What attaches the breast to the dermis and helps to support of lobules of the gland?

Answer 4

Suspensory ligament of cooper

Question 5

What is the pigmented area around the nipple called?

Answer 5

Areola

Question 6

How many lobules of glandular tissue/parenchyma does each breast contain?

Answer 6

15-20

Question 7

What is each breast lobule drained by?

Answer 7

Lactiferous duct

Question 8

What tissue makes up the nipple?

Answer 8

Dense connective tissues

->elastic fibres and smooth muscles

Question 9

Where is the position anatomically of the nipple?

Answer 9

Variable but tends to be 4th intercostal space

Question 10

What is the areola?

Answer 10

Skin covering the nipple

Question 11

Which types of gland does the areola have?

Answer 11

Numerous sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 12

What happens to the size of the areola during pregnancy?

Answer 12

Increases in size

Question 13

What is the function of the oily substance secreted by the sebaceous gland of the areola?

Answer 13

Provides protective lubricant for the nipple and the areola

Question 14

Name the four quadrants the breast is divided into which helps with the description of any pathology.

Answer 14

Superolateral
Superomedial
Inferolateral
Inferomedial

Question 15

Gynaecomastia?

Answer 15

Enlargement of breast tissue

Question 16

Polymastia?

Answer 16

An extra breast

Question 17

Polythelia?

Answer 17

An extra nipple

Question 18

Athelia/amastia?

Answer 18

Absences of nipple or breast

Question 19

Blood supply of the breast?

Answer 19

Branches of the axillary, internal thoracic and intercostal arteries

Question 20

Venous drainage of the breast?

Answer 20

Internal thoracic vein
Axillary vein

Question 21

Hormones are responsible for the functions of the breast.
Nerves convey sensory innervation to the breast.
Which nerves?

Answer 21

Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves

Question 22

Which lymph nodes does most of the breast tissue drain into?

Answer 22

Axillary lymph nodes

->some lymph may drain directly to supraclavicular or inferior cervical nodes

Question 23

What is meant by a sentinel lymph node?

Answer 23

First draining node- the first node that receives any tumour pathology

Question 24

Watch Breast Lecture 1 for anatomy revision

Answer 24

If this is before December lol

If you’re seeing this after, hope the anatomy exam went well xx

Question 25

Cytology of breast?

Answer 25

Microscopic examination of a thin layer of cells

Question 26

How can a sample from the breast be obtained for cytology?

Answer 26

Fine needle aspiration
Direct smear from nipple discharge
Scarpe of nipple with scalpal

Question 27

Summarise what would be find in benign breast cytology.

Answer 27

Low/moderate cellularity
Cohesive group of cells
Cells of uniform size
Uniform chromatin pattern

Question 28

Summarise what would be find in malignant breast cytology.

Answer 28

High cellularity
Crowding/overlapping of cells
Loss of cohesion
Nuclear pleomorphism
Hyperchromasia
Absence of bipolar nuclei

Question 29

Summarise what is meant by C1-5 on the cytology scoring system?

Answer 29

C1- Unsatisfactory/ insufficient cells for diagnosis
C2- benign
C3- atypia (probably benign)
C4- suspicious (probably malignant)
C5- malignant

Question 30

What is the treatment of cysts?

Answer 30

Aspiration - curative

Fluid can be discarded unless it is bloodstained or there is a residual mass

Question 31

What are some of the complications of fine needle aspiration?

Answer 31

Pain
Haematoma
Fainting
Infection
Pneumothorax- rare

Question 32

What is the functions of the lymph ducts of the breast?

Answer 32

Drain fluid

Question 33

What is the functions of the lymph nodes of the breast?

Answer 33

Filter harmful bacteria and play a key role in fighting off infection

Question 34

List some benign breast conditions.

Answer 34

Fibrocystic change- cysts, fibrosis, adenosis etc.
Fibroadenoma
Intraduct papilloma
Fat necrosis]
Duct ectasia

Question 35

Symptom of duct actasia?

Answer 35

Nipple discharge

Question 36

What would you expect to find in a fibroadenoma?

Answer 36

Circumcised mobile nodule in reproductive age
Non-painful