Cervical Cancer

Question 1

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?

Answer 1

HPV

Question 2

RECAP- apart from cervical cancer, what other cancers can HPV cause?

Answer 2

Cancer of the:
penis
vulva/vagina
anus
mouth
oropharynx

Question 3

How many years after a HPV infection does cervical cancer take to develop?

Answer 3

10-20yrs

Question 4

Peak incidence age of cervical cancer?

Answer 4

45-55yrs

Question 5

Which two genotypes of HPV most commonly cause cervical cancer?

Answer 5

16 and 18

Question 6

RF for cervical cancer?

Answer 6

HPV infection: multiple sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, older partner
Smoking

Question 7

Which part of the cervix is most susceptible to HPV infection?

Answer 7

Transformation zone of the cervix

Question 8

What are the red flag symptoms for cervical cancer?

Answer 8

Post-coital bleeding
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Intermenstrual bleeding/ PMB
Discharge

Question 9

Biopsy is key for a diagnosis of cervical cancer.

What would be seen on histology?

Answer 9

Tumour cells from epithelium invade underlying stroma

Question 10

What type of histological type of cancer are the majority of cervical cancers?

Answer 10

Squamous cell carcinoma- 80%

->adenocarcinoma rising in relative incidence

Question 11

Describe what is meant by stage 1A.

Answer 11

Invasive cancer identified on microscope only.

1A1= <3mm depth, <7mm diameter
1A2= <5mm x 7mm

Question 12

What is meant by stage 1B of cervical cancer screening?

Answer 12

Clinical tumours confined to the cervix

Question 13

Stage 2 of cervical cancer?

Answer 13

Local spread to vagina

Question 14

Stage 3 of cervical cancer?

Answer 14

Local spread to lower vagina, pelvis

Question 15

Stage 4 of cervical cancer?

Answer 15

Local spread to bladder, rectum

Question 16

Which lymph nodes does cervical cancer metastasise to?

Answer 16

Pelvic nodes

Question 17

Metastasis from pelvic cancer can spread through blood and affect which organs?

Answer 17

Liver
Lungs
Bone

Question 18

Which investigations are used for stating of cervical cancer?

Answer 18

PET-CT
MRI

Question 19

Cervical cancer treatment if stage 1A1?

Answer 19

Excision of cervical transformation zone or hysterectomy

Question 20

Cervical cancer treatment if stage 1B?

Answer 20

Radical hysterectomy or chemo-radiotherapy

Question 21

Radical hysterectomy?

Answer 21

Removal of uterus, cervix, upper vagina, parametria, pelvic nodes

->ovaries are conserved

Question 22

Just note

Answer 22

IDK why the treatment slides are a bit all over the place but basically chemo and radiotherapy can be used too in the treatment of cervical cancer x