Cervical Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?

A

HPV

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2
Q

RECAP- apart from cervical cancer, what other cancers can HPV cause?

A

Cancer of the:
penis
vulva/vagina
anus
mouth
oropharynx

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3
Q

How many years after a HPV infection does cervical cancer take to develop?

A

10-20yrs

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4
Q

Peak incidence age of cervical cancer?

A

45-55yrs

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5
Q

Which two genotypes of HPV most commonly cause cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

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6
Q

RF for cervical cancer?

A

HPV infection: multiple sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, older partner
Smoking

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7
Q

Which part of the cervix is most susceptible to HPV infection?

A

Transformation zone of the cervix

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8
Q

What are the red flag symptoms for cervical cancer?

A

Post-coital bleeding
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Intermenstrual bleeding/ PMB
Discharge

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9
Q

Biopsy is key for a diagnosis of cervical cancer.

What would be seen on histology?

A

Tumour cells from epithelium invade underlying stroma

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10
Q

What type of histological type of cancer are the majority of cervical cancers?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma- 80%

->adenocarcinoma rising in relative incidence

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11
Q

Describe what is meant by stage 1A.

A

Invasive cancer identified on microscope only.

1A1= <3mm depth, <7mm diameter
1A2= <5mm x 7mm

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12
Q

What is meant by stage 1B of cervical cancer screening?

A

Clinical tumours confined to the cervix

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13
Q

Stage 2 of cervical cancer?

A

Local spread to vagina

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14
Q

Stage 3 of cervical cancer?

A

Local spread to lower vagina, pelvis

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15
Q

Stage 4 of cervical cancer?

A

Local spread to bladder, rectum

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16
Q

Which lymph nodes does cervical cancer metastasise to?

A

Pelvic nodes

17
Q

Metastasis from pelvic cancer can spread through blood and affect which organs?

A

Liver
Lungs
Bone

18
Q

Which investigations are used for stating of cervical cancer?

A

PET-CT
MRI

19
Q

Cervical cancer treatment if stage 1A1?

A

Excision of cervical transformation zone or hysterectomy

20
Q

Cervical cancer treatment if stage 1B?

A

Radical hysterectomy or chemo-radiotherapy

21
Q

Radical hysterectomy?

A

Removal of uterus, cervix, upper vagina, parametria, pelvic nodes

->ovaries are conserved

22
Q

Just note

A

IDK why the treatment slides are a bit all over the place but basically chemo and radiotherapy can be used too in the treatment of cervical cancer x

23
Q
A