Cervical Cancer Flashcards
What is the most common cause of cervical cancer?
HPV
RECAP- apart from cervical cancer, what other cancers can HPV cause?
Cancer of the:
penis
vulva/vagina
anus
mouth
oropharynx
How many years after a HPV infection does cervical cancer take to develop?
10-20yrs
Peak incidence age of cervical cancer?
45-55yrs
Which two genotypes of HPV most commonly cause cervical cancer?
16 and 18
RF for cervical cancer?
HPV infection: multiple sexual partners, early age at first intercourse, older partner
Smoking
Which part of the cervix is most susceptible to HPV infection?
Transformation zone of the cervix
What are the red flag symptoms for cervical cancer?
Post-coital bleeding
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Intermenstrual bleeding/ PMB
Discharge
Biopsy is key for a diagnosis of cervical cancer.
What would be seen on histology?
Tumour cells from epithelium invade underlying stroma
What type of histological type of cancer are the majority of cervical cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma- 80%
->adenocarcinoma rising in relative incidence
Describe what is meant by stage 1A.
Invasive cancer identified on microscope only.
1A1= <3mm depth, <7mm diameter
1A2= <5mm x 7mm
What is meant by stage 1B of cervical cancer screening?
Clinical tumours confined to the cervix
Stage 2 of cervical cancer?
Local spread to vagina
Stage 3 of cervical cancer?
Local spread to lower vagina, pelvis
Stage 4 of cervical cancer?
Local spread to bladder, rectum