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Year 3- Reproduction > Drugs in Pregnancy > Flashcards

Drugs in Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by teratogen?

A

Damaging to foetus

-> especially in first half of pregnancy as this is the most vulnerable and can affect embryogenesis

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2
Q

What are some preventable terogens which mothers are advised to avoid?

A

Alcohol
Tobacco
Recreational drugs

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3
Q

What can alcohol in pregnancy cause to happen?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

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4
Q

What can smoking in pregnancy cause to happen?

A

Low birth weight
Preterm birth
Cerebral palsy
Learning difficulties

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5
Q

What can use of recreational drugs in pregnancy cause to happen?

A

Low birth weight
Withdrawal symptoms
Learning and behavioural problems

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6
Q

RECAP- pharmocokinetics?

A

Effect of the body on the drug

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7
Q

RECAP- pharmacodynamics?

A

Effect of the drug on the body

->maybe remember as the body moves, the drug does not, so pharmacodynamics is the effect on the body??

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8
Q

What can be given for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy?

A

Cyclizine- antihistamine
Prochlorperazine- phenothiazine
Doxylamine/oyridoxine combo (Xonvea) also first line

->second line= ondanestron, metoclopramide

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9
Q

What can be given for hypertension in pregnancy?

A

Labetolol
Nifedipine
Methyldopa
Hydralazine

->ACEi and ARBs are teratogenic so need to be changed as soon as pregnancy confirmed

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10
Q

What can be given for epilepsy in pregnancy?

A

Carbamazepibe
Lamotrigine

->always give high dose folic acid

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11
Q

What could occur if phenobarbitone is given in pregnancy for epilepsy?

A

Cardiac malformations

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12
Q

What could occur if sodium valproate is given in pregnancy for epilepsy?

A

Neural tube defect
Facial clefts

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13
Q

What is given for gestational diabetes?

A

Metformin

->also safe for type2 dia in pregnancy, insulin is also safest

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14
Q

What should be given for thromboembolism in pregnancy?

A

Low molecular weight heparin

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15
Q

What could occur if warfarin is given in pregnancy for thromboembolism?

A

Foetal Warfarin syndrome

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16
Q

What can be given for management of asthma in pregnancy?

A

Short-acting beta2 agonists, LABAs, oral and inhaled corticosteroids all safe

->important to have good control of asthma in pregnancy

17
Q

What can be given for headaches/migraines in pregnancy?

A

Paracetamol
Sumatriptan for acute treatment of migraine
Propanolol- lowest effective dose

->ibuprofen should be avoided in 3rd trimester

18
Q

What are the risks of morphine based medications in pregnancy?

A

Risk of neonatal respiratory depressionW

19
Q

When are morphine based meds commonly used in pregnancy?

A

As analgesia for delivery

20
Q

Which morphine based drug should be avoided during lactation?

A

Codeine- can cause infant opiate toxicity

21
Q

What is the general advice on taking antidepressants and antipsychotics in pregnancy?

A

Weight the risk vs benefits in treatment

SSRI’s may be indicated if benefits outweigh positives

22
Q

Lithium may be used in pregnancy for antidepressant/antipsychotic purposes but what are the risks?

A

Cardiac anomaly- Ebstein’s anomaly

23
Q

Diazepam may be used in pregnancy for antidepressant/antipsychotic purposes but what are the risks?

A

Cleft lip/palate

->old studies

24
Q

Quetiapine may be used in pregnancy for antidepressant/antipsychotic purposes but what are the risks?

A

Large baby
Poor neonatal adaption syndrome

25
Q

List some antibiotics which are safe in pregnancy.

A

Penicillin
Macrolide- use only if no alternative
Cephalosporins

26
Q

List some antibiotics which are NOT safe in pregnancy.

A

-Tetracycline- effects skeletal development
-Sulphonamides- avoid first trimester, folate antagonist
-Aminoglycosides- auditory/vestibular nerve damage, risk greatest with streptomycin

27
Q

Okay to check you were taking that in, which antibiotic is an antagonist to folate and therefore cannot be taken in the first semester of pregnancy?

A

Sulphonamides

28
Q

Are cancer treatments generally safe in pregnancy?

A

No- most cytotoxic drugs are teratogenic

29
Q

What can you use before prescribing drugs to ensure they are safe for pregnancy?

A

BNF

30
Q
A

Year 3- Reproduction (23 decks)

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