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Year 3- Reproduction > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

LARC?

A

Long acting reversible contraception

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2
Q

On which days of the cycle if there highest chance of pregnancy from sex?

A

Days 8-19

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3
Q

What two hormones are found in the combined hormonal contraction?

A

Oestrogen- synthetic type called ethinyl estradiol
Progesterone

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4
Q

When may the combined pill may not be suitbale?

A

If the individual has frequent GI upset

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5
Q

How often in the combined patch changed?

A

Weekly

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6
Q

What is one of the side effects of the combined patch?

A

Skin reaction to the glue

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7
Q

How often in the combined vaginal ring changed?

A

Every 3wks

->can take out for 3hrs every 24hrs without loosing the contraceptive benefit, so some take it out for sex. This is okay.

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8
Q

What are some of the non-contraceptive benefits of the combined hormonal methods?

A

Regulates/reduces bleeding
Reduction in functional ovarian cysts
50% reduction in ovarian and endometrial cancer
Improve acne
Reduction in benign breast disease, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer and osteoporosis

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9
Q

What are some of the side effects of the combined hormonal contraceptive methods?

A

Breast tenderness
Nausea
Headache
Irregular bleeding
Mood changes
Weight gain

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10
Q

What are some of the more serious risks of taking the combined hormonal methods of contraception?

A

Increased risks of:
DVT/PE
MI/ischaemic stroke
Cervical cancer*
Breast cancer

->*this data was before the HPV vaccine so may not be as strong links now

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11
Q

Who needs to avoid taking combines hormonal methods of contraception?

A

Those with active gall bladder disease or previous liver tumour

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12
Q

How often does the combined hormonal pill have to be taken?

A

Every day, doesn’t really matter what time.

->Usually 3wks and then a week off but this is less common now, lots of people take it continually

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13
Q

How often is the progestogen only pill taken?

A

Every day at the same day

->not a good choice if frequent GI upset

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14
Q

Contraindications for the progestogen -only pill?

A

Personal history of breast cancer/liver tumour

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15
Q

Side effects of the progestogen only pill?

A

Appetite increase
Hair loss/gain
Mood change
Bloating or fluid retention
Headache
Acne

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16
Q

Describe what is meant by injectable progestogen .

A

Dose of progesterone every 13wks, usually given in buttock by health professional but possible for smaller dose to be self administered in abdomen/thigh

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17
Q

How does the progestogen injection work?

A
  1. Prevents ovulation
  2. Alters cervical mucus making it hostile for sperm
  3. Makes endometrium unsuitable for implantation
18
Q

Disadvantages of injectable progestogen ?

A

Delay in return to fertility- 9 months
Reversible reduction in bone density
Problematic bleeding, especially in first two doses
Weight gain

19
Q

How long can the progestogen implant work for?

A

3yrs

20
Q

What is bleeding like on the progestogen implnt?

A

60% almost bleed free
30% have prolonged/frequent bleeding

->worth noting that it seems this implant causes mood changes more than other progestogen methods

21
Q

What are some of the risks of intrauterine contraception like coils
?

A

Small risk of infection
Very small risk of perforation of uterus
Risks of expulsion
Risk of ectopic pregnancy

22
Q

How does the copper coil work?

A

Toxic to sperm so kills them and stops them reaching the egg

23
Q

How long does the copper coil work for?

A

5-10yrs depending on type

->if fitted after 40th birthday, can last until menopause

24
Q

What effect does the copper coil have on periods?

A

Can make them heavier/crampier

25
Q

Is a copper coil a contraindication to MRI?

A

No

->i found this interesting haha

26
Q

Mirena coil is a type of Levonorgestrel IUS. How long does it last?

A

8yrs

27
Q

As well as being contraceptive, what can the Mirena coil be used for?

A

Heavy menstrual bleeding

28
Q

What is the most effective option for emergency contraception?

A

Copper coil

->levonorgestrel pill or ulipristal pill may be taken instead but slightly higher risk of pregnancy still occurring

29
Q

How quickly after delivery can you fall pregnant again?

A

21 days

30
Q

How long is breast feeding contraceptive for?

A

First six months

->some conditions through: must be exclusively breastfeeding and feeding every 4hours. Must be amenorrhoeic

31
Q

How long after a miscarriage or abortion can a women fall pregnant again?

A

After 5 days

32
Q

What happens in female sterilization?

A

Clips applied across fallopian tubes under laparoscopy

->may do salpingectomy at planned caesarean section if baby seems well and discussed in advance

33
Q

What effect does female sterilization have on periods?

A

No effect

->also worth noting that female sterilization reduces risks of ovarian cancer

34
Q

What happens in a vasectomy?

A

Vas deferens divided and the ends are cauterised

35
Q

How long after does a vasectomy take to be effective contraception?

A

4-5months

36
Q

If a women has had sterilization, how is the only way she can call pregnant?

A

IVF

->will be private and self funded

37
Q

What are the risks of abortion?

A

Infection
Blood transfusion

38
Q

Abortion can be carried out medically or surgically. What happens if carried out surgically?

A

Transcervcal, suction catheter used

39
Q

Abortion can be carried out medically or surgically. What happens if carried out medically?

A

Mifepristone oral antiprogestogen tablet

36-48hrs later, Misoprostol tablet taken.

Misoprostol initiates uterine contraction which expels pregnancy

40
Q

Potential complications of surgical abortion?

A

Perforation
Cervical injury

41
Q

Potential complications of medical abortion?

A

Failure of termination

42
Q
A

Year 3- Reproduction (23 decks)

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