Aaniin ekidong: 1. S/he makes it. 2. S/he makes them. 3. I made them.

1. Odozhitoon. 2. Odozhitoonan. 3. Ingii-ozhitoonan.

Make the following sentences negative. 1. Ogidaan. "S/he's eating all of it." 2. Ogidaanan. "S/he's eating all of them (inanimate).

1. Gaawiin ogidaanziin. 2. Gaawiin ogidaanziinan.

Translate Gaawiin niminwendaanziinan nimakazinan. What makes it plural?

I don't like my shoes. -an, -an

Translate Gaawiin ingashkitoosiin ji-anokiiyan. What does the "ji-" represent?

I can't work. "that" (related to -daa)

Translate gichi-manidoo-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Great Spirit Moon January (or December)

Translate onaabani-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Hard Crust on the Snow Moon March

Translate zaagibagaa-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Budding Moon May (1st common option)

Translate waabigwani-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Flower Moon May (2nd common option)

Translate miini-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Blueberry Moon August (1st common option)

Translate manoominike-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Ricing Moon August (2nd common option) or September

Translate waatebagaa-giizis What is the English equivalent?

Bright Leaves Moon Septemer (1st common option) or October

VTI and VII Negation (Weeks 4-6) Flashcards by Rachael Schnurr

translate

Maagizhaa gaye…

maybe (I think also)

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Review

What are the 4 VTI endings?

Which are most common?

-an
-in-
-oon
-aan

-an, -oon

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Dazhiikan

What is the verb type?

Work on it

VTI

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Dazhindan

What is the verb type?

Talk about it.

VTI

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Change Niminwendam (I am happy) into a VTI meaning “I like it.”

Niminwendaan

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Change Niminwendaan “I like it” (VTI) into the plural form “I like those.”

Niminwendaanan

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Nindozhitoon

Can you make it plural?

I’m building/making it.

Nindozhitoonan “I’m making them”

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Aaniin ekidong…

I eat it.
I eat them.

Nimiijin
Nimiijinan

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Aaniin ekidong

I have it.
I have them.

Nidayaan.
Nidayaanan.

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Aaniin ekidong:

S/he makes it.
S/he makes them.
I made them.

Odozhitoon.
Odozhitoonan.
Ingii-ozhitoonan.

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Inga-ozhitoon.
Niwii-ozhitoon.
Gigii-ozhitoon.
Gidaa-ozhitoon.

I will make it.
I’m going to make it.
You made it.
You can make it.

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What do you add to a VTI to create negation in A-keyaa?

How is it different from a VAI?

Gaawiin + siin/ziin

The last vowel isn’t doubled and sometimes the last -n is dropped.

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Gaawiin nidazhindanziin.

What about Gaawiin nidazhindanziinan?

I’m not talking about it.

I’m not talking about them (inanimate).

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Use the verb Dazhindan “Talk about it” to say:

You’re not talking about it.
You’re not talking about them.

Gaawiin gidazhindanziin.
Gaawiingidazhindanziinan.

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Gaawiin odazhindanziin.

What about Gaawiin odazhindanziinan?

S/he’s not talking about it.

S/he’s not talking about them (inanimate).

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Gidaan

What is the verb type?

Eat it all.

VTI

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Make the following sentence negative:

Nigidaan. “I’m eating all of it.”

How would you make it plural: “I’m not eating all of them?”

Gaawiin nigidaanziin. “I’m not eating all of it.”

Gaawiin nigidaanziinan.

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Gaawiin gigidaanziin.

What about Gaawiin gigidaanziinan?

You’re not eating all of it.

You’re not eating all of them.

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Make the following sentences negative.

Ogidaan. “S/he’s eating all of it.”
Ogidaanan. “S/he’s eating all of them (inanimate).

Gaawiin ogidaanziin.
Gaawiin ogidaanziinan.

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If a VTI ends in -oon, what do you add to make it negative?

What if it ends in -an?

Gawiin [verb]-oonsiin

-anziin

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Naanan daso-biboonagizi.

What about “Naano-biboonagizi”?

S/he is 5 (has 5 winters).

It’s the same, only with a number preverb.

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Baatayiinowag.

There are a lot of them (awiya).

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Bezhigo.

What about Niizhiwag? Niswiwag?

There is just one of them (awiya).

There are two of them, three of them.

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What is the difference between these two words?

Baatayiinowag
Baatayiinadoon

They both mean “There are a lot of them” but #1 is for awiya and #2 gegoo

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What ending would you add to "bezhig" to say "There is just one of them (awiya)"? What about the same but for gegoo?

Bezhigo Bezhigwan

What ending would you add to "niizh" to say "There are 2 of them (awiya)"? What about the same but for gegoo?

Niizhiwag Niizhinoon

# Aaniin ekidong... Gaawiin ingashkitoosiin! ## Footnote What is the sound change?

I can't do it! ## Footnote The last -n drops on "gashkitoon" so the ending is siin, not ziin

# Translate Gaawiin niminwendaanziinan nimakazinan. ## Footnote What makes it plural?

I don't like my shoes. ## Footnote -an, -an

Use the verb Wiikwajitoon "Try to do it" to say the following: You're not trying to do it.

Gaawiin giwiikwajitoosiin.

# Translate Gaawiin ingashkitoosiin ji-anokiiyan. ## Footnote What does the "ji-" represent?

I can't work. ## Footnote "that" (related to -daa)

How would you change the sentence, Gaawiin gigashkitoosiin ji-gashkigwaasoyan "You can't sew." Into the question, "Can't you sew?"

Gaawiin 'na gigashkitoosiin ji-gashkigwaasoyan?

# Translate gichi-manidoo-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Great Spirit Moon ## Footnote January (or December)

# Translate namebini-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Suckerfish Moon ## Footnote February

# Translate onaabani-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Hard Crust on the Snow Moon ## Footnote March

# Translate iskigamizige-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Sap Boiling Moon ## Footnote April

# Translate zaagibagaa-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Budding Moon ## Footnote May (1st common option)

# Translate waabigwani-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Flower Moon ## Footnote May (2nd common option)

# Translate ode-imini-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Strawberry Moon ## Footnote June

# Translate aabita-niibino-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Midsummer Moon ## Footnote July

# Translate miini-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Blueberry Moon ## Footnote August (1st common option)

# Translate manoominike-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Ricing Moon ## Footnote August (2nd common option) or September

# Translate waatebagaa-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Bright Leaves Moon ## Footnote Septemer (1st common option) or October

# Translate biinaakwii-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Falling Leaves Moon ## Footnote October

# Translate gaskadino-giizis ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Freezing Over Moon ## Footnote November

# Translate manidoo-giizisoons ## Footnote What is the English equivalent?

Little Spirit Moon ## Footnote December (or January)

# Translate giizisoo-mazina'igan ## Footnote is it awiya or gegoo?

calendar ## Footnote gegoo

What ending do you add to each number to say the date? (aka say the moon is [blank] days old?) ## Footnote Can you give an example using the number 2

-ogonagizi ## Footnote Niizhogonagizi (It's the 2nd day of the month)

If someone asked you what month it is, how would you respond in February, the Suckerfish Moon (namebini-giizis)? ## Footnote Hint, there are 2 ways to respond (the moon is "hanging" or the moon is "counted")

1. Namebini-giizis agoojin. (Suckerfish Moon is hanging.) 2. Namebini-giizis aginzo. (Suckerfish Moon is counted.)

If someone asked you what month it is, how would you respond in October, the Falling Leaves Moon (binaakwii-giizis)? ## Footnote Hint, there are 2 ways to respond (the moon is "hanging" or the moon is "counted")

1. Binaakwii-giizis agoojin. (Falling Leaves Moon is hanging.) 2. Binaakwiii-giizis aginzo. (Falling Leaves Moon is counted.)

# Translate: Aaniin ezhinkaazod noongom giizis? ## Footnote What about Aaniin ezhi-giiziswagak?

What is the name of the moon now? ## Footnote What month is it?

# Translate Aaniin apii gaa-tibishkaayan? ## Footnote What about "Gii-niishtana dasogonagizi"?

When was your birthday? ## Footnote It was on the 20th. (It was when the moon was 20 days old.)

What is the VTI Mikan "find it" for Niin, Giin, and Wiin in b-keyaa? ## Footnote What is the sound change for VTIs that end in -an?

mikamaan mikaman mikang ## Footnote -n becomes -m, except for wiin

What is the VTI Agonjidoon "put it in water" for Niin, Giin, and Wiin in B-keyaa? ## Footnote What is the sound change for VTIs that end in -oon?

agonjidooyaan agonjidooyan agonjidood ## Footnote the -n drops in Niin/Giin, and n becomes d in Wiin

Make the following VTI b-keyaas negative: aabaabikizan (heat something metal up) Niin: aabaabikizamaan Giin: aabaabikizaman Wiin: aabaabikizang ## Footnote How is the sound change different from regular b-keyaa?

Don't heat something metal up: Niin: aabaabikizanziwaan Giin: aabaabikizanziwan Wiin: aabaabikizanzig ## Footnote the -n stays before "ziw" in Niin and Giin instead of becoming -m

What is the b-keyaa for Niin Giin and Wiin for the VTI ayaan "have it" ## Footnote Can you make these negative?

ayaamaan ayaaman ayaang ## Footnote ayaanziwaan, ayaanziwan, ayaanzig

For the VTI agoodoon "hang it", what is the b-keyaa for Niin, Giin, and Wiin? ## Footnote Can you make these negative?

Agoodooyaan Agoodooyan Agoodood ## Footnote agoodoosiwaan, agoodoosiwan, agoodoosig

the preverb particle bi- means "come here/towards" What does it become in c-keyaa?

ba- (instead of be-) *irregular Ex: ba-wiisinid "the one who comes and eats"

The preverb particle o-/awi-wi- means "go and". What does it become in c-keyaa?

we'o *irregular Ex: we'o-wiisinid "the one who goes and eats"

the preverb da-/ga- (will) and the preverb daa- (could/would) both become what in c-keyaa?

ge- *irregular Ex: Da-anokii "S/he will work" becomes Ge-anokiid "the one who will work"

Daa-anokii "S/he can work" What is this sentence in c-keyaa?

Ge-anokiid "The one who can work"

How can you tell if a c-keyaa phrase means "the one who" (awiya) or "the thing that?" (gegoo) ## Footnote Can you give an example using akwaakotoon "to make something wood a certain length"?

Based on the prounoun. A'aw (and other animate pronouns) - who I'iw (and other inanimate prounouns) -what ## Footnote a'aw ekwaakotood (the one who makes...) vs. i'iw ekwaakotood (the thing that they make...)

How would you make the VTI Minwendan (like it) into: 1. the person who likes it 2. the thing that s/he likes

Make it c-keyaa: 1. a'aw menwendang 2. i'iw menwendang

Mii iw babagiwayaan menwendang. "That's the shirt that s/he likes." How would you change this sentence to say "That's the shirt that I like?" ## Footnote What about "That's the shirt that you like?"

Mii iw babagiwayaan menwendamaan. ## Footnote Mii iw babagiwayaan menwendaman.

Mii a'aw wezosodang. "That's the one who is coughing." How would you change this sentence to say: "This is the one who is coughing?"

Mii o'ow wezosodang.

What particle means "usually/generally speaking"? ## Footnote WHat does it mean in past tense (gii-)?

Iko ## Footnote Used to

What two particles almost always go second in a sentence?

ina dash

# Translate Endaso-

Every

# Translate Endaso-anokiiyaan... Endaso-wiisinid...

Every time I work... Every time s/he eats...

What does the relative root "aawaso" signify in the following sentences? Onji'aawaso. Ondamaawaso. Ganawenimaawaso. ## Footnote Can you translate the sentences?

dealing with kids ## Footnote S/he tells kids not to do something. S/he is busy with kids. S/he takes care of kids.

# Translate Aaniin iko gaa-izhichigeyan gii-abinoojiinyiwiyan? ## Footnote What makes "iko" mean "used to" instead of "usually" in this case?

What did you used to do when you were a kid? ## Footnote It's in past tense with gii-

What VAI means "S/he is alive"? ## Footnote How would you turn it into C-keyaa for "the one who is living"? A

bimaadizi ## Footnote bemaadizid

# Translate 1. biibiiyens 2. abinoojiinh

1. baby 2. child

# Translate 1. nitaawigid 2. oshkaya'aa

1. adult 2. young person/teen

How do you say "elder" in Ojibwemowin?

gichi-aya'aa

# aaniin ekidong man? woman?

inini, ikwe

# aaniin ekidong girl? boy?

ikwezens, gwiiwizens

# Translate mindimooyenh, akiwenzii

elder woman, elder man

# translate inawemaagan

relative/kinsperson

# Aaniin ekidong "Hello my relatives"

Aaniin indinawemaaganan

Which of the verbs below is a VII? VTA? VTI? VAI? 1. minomaagozi "S/he smells good." 2. minomaandan "S/he likes the smell of it." 3. minomaagwad "It smells good." 4. minomaam "S/he likes how h/ smells."

1. VAI 2. VTI 3. VII 4. VTA

If an inanimate noun belongs to someone else, what ending goes it get?

(i)ni

What are the 4 VII endings?

-d -n -vowel -"dummy n"

What do the following VIIs have in common? 1. Dagwaagin. "It is fall" 2. Zoogipon. "It is snowing." 3. Onaageshin. "It is evening."

They all have a "dummy end" that drops off when endings are added.

How would you change the sentence below ("H/ sock smells sweaty.") into "H/ socks smell sweaty? Abwemaagwadini odazhigan. ## Footnote What does the "ini" stand for?

Abwemaagwadiniwan odazhiganan. ## Footnote It is h/ sock (4th thing)

# Translate both sentences: 1. Gii-onizhishin. 2. Gii-onizhishinini.

1. It was nice. 2. It (something belonging to someone else) was nice.

What are the 2 negative verb endings for VIIs in A-keyaa (not in 4th person)? ## Footnote When are each used?

-sinoon -zinoon ## Footnote -sinoon when the verb ends in vowel (or when -d or -n- drop, leaving a vowel) -zinoon when the verb ends in -n

Waabijiiyaa indazhigan. (My sock is Gray.) How would you say "H/ sock is gray?"

Waabijiiyaani odazhigan.

Waabijiiyaawan indazhiganan. (My socks are grey.) How would you say "H/ socks are grey?" ## Footnote Where is the 4th person indicator? Where are the plurals?

Waabijiiyawaniwan odazhiganan. ## Footnote "ni" in the verb; -an on both verb and noun

If Zoogipon means "It's snowing," how would you say "It's snowing (for wiin)?"

Zoogiponini.

What are the 2 negative verb endings for VIIs in A-keyaa in 4th person?

-sinini -zinini

# Translate Gaawiin zanagasinoon. ## Footnote What is the verb by itself?

It's not difficult. ## Footnote Zanagad. "It is difficult."

Gaawiin zanagasinoon. If the above sentence means "It's not difficult," how would you say it for 4th person?

Gaawiin zanagasinini.

If "Agoke" means "It's sticking on," how would you say "It's not sticking on?" ## Footnote How would you say it for 4th person?

Gaawiin agokesinoon. ## Footnote Gaawiin agokesinini.

Gaawiin agokesinoon. If the above sentence means "It's not sticking on," how would you say "They aren't sticking on"?

Trick question. It's the same in both singular and plural, unless it's in 4th person.

Gaawiin zanagasinoon. If the above sentence means "These aren't difficult," how would you say it for 4th person? ## Footnote What 3 endings did you add?

Gaawiin zanagasininiwan. ## Footnote sin = negative, ini = 4th person, wan = plural

# Translate Gaawiin agokesininiwan. (hint: agoke means "It's sticking on.") ## Footnote What do the 3 endings on the verb signify?

They aren't sticking on (for wiin). ## Footnote sin = negative, ini = 4th person, wan = plural

# Translate 1. Gaawiin gozigwanzinoon. 2. Gaawiin gozigwanzinini. (Hint: Gozigwan means "It is heavy.")

1. It's not heavy. 2. It's not heavy (4th person).

If gozigwan means "It is heavy," how would you say: 1. It's not heavy. 2. It's not heavy (for wiin). 3. They aren't heavy. 4. They aren't heavy (for wiin).

1. Gaawiin gozigwanzinoon. 2. Gaawiin gozigwanzinini. 3. Gaawiin gozigwanzinoon. (Same in sing. and pl.) 4. Gaawiin gozigwanzininiwan.

# Aaniin ekidong: 1. It's snowing. 2. It's snowing (for wiin). 3. It's not snowing. 4. It's not snowing (for wiin). ## Footnote What type of verb is this. What makes it unique?

1. Zoogipon. 2. Zoogiponini. 3. Gaawiin zoogiposinoon. 4. Gaawiin zoogiposinini. ## Footnote It's a VII. It's a "dummy n" that drops off with endings.

Turn the following from A keyaa to B keyaa: 1. Binad. (It is clean.) 2. Wanisin. (It is lost.) ## Footnote How would you make them Bkeyaa but in 4th person?

1. binak (when it is clean) 2. wanising (when it is lost) ## Footnote 1. biinadinig 2. wanisininig

Turn the following from A keyaa to B keyaa: 1. Ate. ("It is there.") 2. Zoogipon. ("It is snowing.") ## Footnote How would you make them Bkeyaa but in 4th person?

1. ateg (when it is there) 2. zoogipog (when it is snowing) ## Footnote 1. atenig 2. zoogiponinig

What would you add to these three VIIs that deal with time to make them B keyaa? 1. Waaban+? ("when it is tomorrow") 2. Aabitoose+? ("when it is Wednesday") 3. Biboon+? ("When it is winter")

-g Times + g = "when it is (that time)"

What are the VII B keyaa negation endings: 1. if the verb ends in a vowel (either before or after a final -d or -n is dropped)? 2. if the verb ends in -n? 3. if the verb ends in a vowel (either before or after a final -d or -n is dropped) but it is in 4th person? 4. if the verb ends in -n but in 4th person?

1. -sinog 2. -zinog 3. -sininig 4. -zininig

Transform the following B keyaas into negatives: 1. biinak ("when it is clean") 2. wanising ("when it is lost") 3. ateg ("when it is there") 4. zoogipog ("when it is snowing")

1. biinasinog 2. wanisinzinog 3. atesinog 4. zoogiposinog

Transform the following VII negative B-keyaas into 4th person: 1. biinasinog "when it is not clean" 2. wanisinzinog "when it is not lost" 3. atesinog "when it is not there" 4. zoogiposinog "when it is not snowing"

1. biinasininig 2. wanisinzininig 3. atesininig 4. zoogiposininig