VTI and VII Negation (Weeks 4-6) Flashcards
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Maagizhaa gaye…
maybe (I think also)
Review
What are the 4 VTI endings?
Which are most common?
-an
-in-
-oon
-aan
-an, -oon
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Dazhiikan
What is the verb type?
Work on it
VTI
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Dazhindan
What is the verb type?
Talk about it.
VTI
Change Niminwendam (I am happy) into a VTI meaning “I like it.”
Niminwendaan
Change Niminwendaan “I like it” (VTI) into the plural form “I like those.”
Niminwendaanan
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Nindozhitoon
Can you make it plural?
I’m building/making it.
Nindozhitoonan “I’m making them”
Aaniin ekidong…
I eat it.
I eat them.
Nimiijin
Nimiijinan
Aaniin ekidong
I have it.
I have them.
Nidayaan.
Nidayaanan.
Aaniin ekidong:
- S/he makes it.
- S/he makes them.
- I made them.
- Odozhitoon.
- Odozhitoonan.
- Ingii-ozhitoonan.
Translate!
Inga-ozhitoon.
Niwii-ozhitoon.
Gigii-ozhitoon.
Gidaa-ozhitoon.
I will make it.
I’m going to make it.
You made it.
You can make it.
What do you add to a VTI to create negation in A-keyaa?
How is it different from a VAI?
Gaawiin + siin/ziin
The last vowel isn’t doubled and sometimes the last -n is dropped.
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Gaawiin nidazhindanziin.
What about Gaawiin nidazhindanziinan?
I’m not talking about it.
I’m not talking about them (inanimate).
Use the verb Dazhindan “Talk about it” to say:
- You’re not talking about it.
- You’re not talking about them.
Gaawiin gidazhindanziin.
Gaawiingidazhindanziinan.
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Gaawiin odazhindanziin.
What about Gaawiin odazhindanziinan?
S/he’s not talking about it.
S/he’s not talking about them (inanimate).
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Gidaan
What is the verb type?
Eat it all.
VTI
Make the following sentence negative:
Nigidaan. “I’m eating all of it.”
How would you make it plural: “I’m not eating all of them?”
Gaawiin nigidaanziin. “I’m not eating all of it.”
Gaawiin nigidaanziinan.
Translate
Gaawiin gigidaanziin.
What about Gaawiin gigidaanziinan?
You’re not eating all of it.
You’re not eating all of them.
Make the following sentences negative.
- Ogidaan. “S/he’s eating all of it.”
- Ogidaanan. “S/he’s eating all of them (inanimate).
- Gaawiin ogidaanziin.
- Gaawiin ogidaanziinan.
If a VTI ends in -oon, what do you add to make it negative?
What if it ends in -an?
Gawiin [verb]-oonsiin
-anziin
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Naanan daso-biboonagizi.
What about “Naano-biboonagizi”?
S/he is 5 (has 5 winters).
It’s the same, only with a number preverb.
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Baatayiinowag.
There are a lot of them (awiya).
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Bezhigo.
What about Niizhiwag? Niswiwag?
There is just one of them (awiya).
There are two of them, three of them.
What is the difference between these two words?
- Baatayiinowag
- Baatayiinadoon
They both mean “There are a lot of them” but #1 is for awiya and #2 gegoo
What ending would you add to “bezhig” to say “There is just one of them (awiya)”? What about the same but for gegoo?
Bezhigo
Bezhigwan
What ending would you add to “niizh” to say “There are 2 of them (awiya)”? What about the same but for gegoo?
Niizhiwag
Niizhinoon
Aaniin ekidong…
Gaawiin ingashkitoosiin!
What is the sound change?
I can’t do it!
The last -n drops on “gashkitoon” so the ending is siin, not ziin
Translate
Gaawiin niminwendaanziinan nimakazinan.
What makes it plural?
I don’t like my shoes.
-an, -an
Use the verb Wiikwajitoon “Try to do it” to say the following:
You’re not trying to do it.
Gaawiin giwiikwajitoosiin.
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Gaawiin ingashkitoosiin ji-anokiiyan.
What does the “ji-“ represent?
I can’t work.
“that” (related to -daa)
How would you change the sentence, Gaawiin gigashkitoosiin ji-gashkigwaasoyan “You can’t sew.” Into the question, “Can’t you sew?”
Gaawiin ‘na gigashkitoosiin ji-gashkigwaasoyan?
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gichi-manidoo-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Great Spirit Moon
January (or December)
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namebini-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Suckerfish Moon
February
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onaabani-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Hard Crust on the Snow Moon
March
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iskigamizige-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Sap Boiling Moon
April
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zaagibagaa-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Budding Moon
May (1st common option)
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waabigwani-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Flower Moon
May (2nd common option)
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ode-imini-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Strawberry Moon
June
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aabita-niibino-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Midsummer Moon
July
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miini-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Blueberry Moon
August (1st common option)
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manoominike-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Ricing Moon
August (2nd common option) or September
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waatebagaa-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Bright Leaves Moon
Septemer (1st common option) or October
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biinaakwii-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Falling Leaves Moon
October
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gaskadino-giizis
What is the English equivalent?
Freezing Over Moon
November
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manidoo-giizisoons
What is the English equivalent?
Little Spirit Moon
December (or January)
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giizisoo-mazina’igan
is it awiya or gegoo?
calendar
gegoo
What ending do you add to each number to say the date? (aka say the moon is [blank] days old?)
Can you give an example using the number 2
-ogonagizi
Niizhogonagizi (It’s the 2nd day of the month)
If someone asked you what month it is, how would you respond in February, the Suckerfish Moon (namebini-giizis)?
Hint, there are 2 ways to respond (the moon is “hanging” or the moon is “counted”)
- Namebini-giizis agoojin. (Suckerfish Moon is hanging.)
- Namebini-giizis aginzo. (Suckerfish Moon is counted.)
If someone asked you what month it is, how would you respond in October, the Falling Leaves Moon (binaakwii-giizis)?
Hint, there are 2 ways to respond (the moon is “hanging” or the moon is “counted”)
- Binaakwii-giizis agoojin. (Falling Leaves Moon is hanging.)
- Binaakwiii-giizis aginzo. (Falling Leaves Moon is counted.)
Translate:
Aaniin ezhinkaazod noongom giizis?
What about Aaniin ezhi-giiziswagak?
What is the name of the moon now?
What month is it?
Translate
Aaniin apii gaa-tibishkaayan?
What about “Gii-niishtana dasogonagizi”?
When was your birthday?
It was on the 20th. (It was when the moon was 20 days old.)
What is the VTI Mikan “find it” for Niin, Giin, and Wiin in b-keyaa?
What is the sound change for VTIs that end in -an?
mikamaan
mikaman
mikang
-n becomes -m, except for wiin
What is the VTI Agonjidoon “put it in water” for Niin, Giin, and Wiin in B-keyaa?
What is the sound change for VTIs that end in -oon?
agonjidooyaan
agonjidooyan
agonjidood
the -n drops in Niin/Giin, and n becomes d in Wiin
Make the following VTI b-keyaas negative:
aabaabikizan (heat something metal up)
Niin: aabaabikizamaan
Giin: aabaabikizaman
Wiin: aabaabikizang
How is the sound change different from regular b-keyaa?
Don’t heat something metal up:
Niin: aabaabikizanziwaan
Giin: aabaabikizanziwan
Wiin: aabaabikizanzig
the -n stays before “ziw” in Niin and Giin instead of becoming -m
What is the b-keyaa for Niin Giin and Wiin for the VTI ayaan “have it”
Can you make these negative?
ayaamaan
ayaaman
ayaang
ayaanziwaan, ayaanziwan, ayaanzig
For the VTI agoodoon “hang it”, what is the b-keyaa for Niin, Giin, and Wiin?
Can you make these negative?
Agoodooyaan
Agoodooyan
Agoodood
agoodoosiwaan, agoodoosiwan, agoodoosig
the preverb particle bi- means “come here/towards”
What does it become in c-keyaa?
ba-
(instead of be-) *irregular
Ex: ba-wiisinid “the one who comes and eats”
The preverb particle o-/awi-wi- means “go and”.
What does it become in c-keyaa?
we’o *irregular
Ex: we’o-wiisinid “the one who goes and eats”
the preverb da-/ga- (will) and the preverb daa- (could/would) both become what in c-keyaa?
ge- *irregular
Ex: Da-anokii “S/he will work” becomes Ge-anokiid “the one who will work”
Daa-anokii “S/he can work”
What is this sentence in c-keyaa?
Ge-anokiid “The one who can work”
How can you tell if a c-keyaa phrase means “the one who” (awiya) or “the thing that?” (gegoo)
Can you give an example using akwaakotoon “to make something wood a certain length”?
Based on the prounoun.
A’aw (and other animate pronouns) - who
I’iw (and other inanimate prounouns) -what
a’aw ekwaakotood (the one who makes…) vs. i’iw ekwaakotood (the thing that they make…)
How would you make the VTI Minwendan (like it) into:
- the person who likes it
- the thing that s/he likes
Make it c-keyaa:
- a’aw menwendang
- i’iw menwendang
Mii iw babagiwayaan menwendang.
“That’s the shirt that s/he likes.”
How would you change this sentence to say “That’s the shirt that I like?”
What about “That’s the shirt that you like?”
Mii iw babagiwayaan menwendamaan.
Mii iw babagiwayaan menwendaman.
Mii a’aw wezosodang.
“That’s the one who is coughing.”
How would you change this sentence to say: “This is the one who is coughing?”
Mii o’ow wezosodang.
What particle means “usually/generally speaking”?
WHat does it mean in past tense (gii-)?
Iko
Used to
What two particles almost always go second in a sentence?
ina
dash
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Endaso-
Every
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Endaso-anokiiyaan…
Endaso-wiisinid…
Every time I work…
Every time s/he eats…
What does the relative root “aawaso” signify in the following sentences?
Onji’aawaso.
Ondamaawaso.
Ganawenimaawaso.
Can you translate the sentences?
dealing with kids
S/he tells kids not to do something.
S/he is busy with kids.
S/he takes care of kids.
Translate
Aaniin iko gaa-izhichigeyan gii-abinoojiinyiwiyan?
What makes “iko” mean “used to” instead of “usually” in this case?
What did you used to do when you were a kid?
It’s in past tense with gii-
What VAI means “S/he is alive”?
How would you turn it into C-keyaa for “the one who is living”? A
bimaadizi
bemaadizid
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- biibiiyens
- abinoojiinh
- baby
- child
Translate
- nitaawigid
- oshkaya’aa
- adult
- young person/teen
How do you say “elder” in Ojibwemowin?
gichi-aya’aa
aaniin ekidong
man? woman?
inini, ikwe
aaniin ekidong
girl? boy?
ikwezens, gwiiwizens
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mindimooyenh, akiwenzii
elder woman, elder man
translate
inawemaagan
relative/kinsperson
Aaniin ekidong
“Hello my relatives”
Aaniin indinawemaaganan
Which of the verbs below is a VII? VTA? VTI? VAI?
- minomaagozi “S/he smells good.”
- minomaandan “S/he likes the smell of it.”
- minomaagwad “It smells good.”
- minomaam “S/he likes how h/ smells.”
- VAI
- VTI
- VII
- VTA
If an inanimate noun belongs to someone else, what ending goes it get?
(i)ni
What are the 4 VII endings?
-d
-n
-vowel
-“dummy n”
What do the following VIIs have in common?
- Dagwaagin. “It is fall”
- Zoogipon. “It is snowing.”
- Onaageshin. “It is evening.”
They all have a “dummy end” that drops off when endings are added.
How would you change the sentence below (“H/ sock smells sweaty.”) into “H/ socks smell sweaty?
Abwemaagwadini odazhigan.
What does the “ini” stand for?
Abwemaagwadiniwan odazhiganan.
It is h/ sock (4th thing)
Translate both sentences:
- Gii-onizhishin.
- Gii-onizhishinini.
- It was nice.
- It (something belonging to someone else) was nice.
What are the 2 negative verb endings for VIIs in A-keyaa (not in 4th person)?
When are each used?
-sinoon
-zinoon
-sinoon when the verb ends in vowel (or when -d or -n- drop, leaving a vowel)
-zinoon when the verb ends in -n
Waabijiiyaa indazhigan. (My sock is Gray.)
How would you say “H/ sock is gray?”
Waabijiiyaani odazhigan.
Waabijiiyaawan indazhiganan. (My socks are grey.)
How would you say “H/ socks are grey?”
Where is the 4th person indicator? Where are the plurals?
Waabijiiyawaniwan odazhiganan.
“ni” in the verb; -an on both verb and noun
If Zoogipon means “It’s snowing,” how would you say “It’s snowing (for wiin)?”
Zoogiponini.
What are the 2 negative verb endings for VIIs in A-keyaa in 4th person?
-sinini
-zinini
Translate
Gaawiin zanagasinoon.
What is the verb by itself?
It’s not difficult.
Zanagad. “It is difficult.”
Gaawiin zanagasinoon.
If the above sentence means “It’s not difficult,” how would you say it for 4th person?
Gaawiin zanagasinini.
If “Agoke” means “It’s sticking on,” how would you say “It’s not sticking on?”
How would you say it for 4th person?
Gaawiin agokesinoon.
Gaawiin agokesinini.
Gaawiin agokesinoon.
If the above sentence means “It’s not sticking on,” how would you say “They aren’t sticking on”?
Trick question. It’s the same in both singular and plural, unless it’s in 4th person.
Gaawiin zanagasinoon.
If the above sentence means “These aren’t difficult,” how would you say it for 4th person?
What 3 endings did you add?
Gaawiin zanagasininiwan.
sin = negative, ini = 4th person, wan = plural
Translate
Gaawiin agokesininiwan.
(hint: agoke means “It’s sticking on.”)
What do the 3 endings on the verb signify?
They aren’t sticking on (for wiin).
sin = negative, ini = 4th person, wan = plural
Translate
- Gaawiin gozigwanzinoon.
- Gaawiin gozigwanzinini.
(Hint: Gozigwan means “It is heavy.”)
- It’s not heavy.
- It’s not heavy (4th person).
If gozigwan means “It is heavy,” how would you say:
- It’s not heavy.
- It’s not heavy (for wiin).
- They aren’t heavy.
- They aren’t heavy (for wiin).
- Gaawiin gozigwanzinoon.
- Gaawiin gozigwanzinini.
- Gaawiin gozigwanzinoon. (Same in sing. and pl.)
- Gaawiin gozigwanzininiwan.
Aaniin ekidong:
- It’s snowing.
- It’s snowing (for wiin).
- It’s not snowing.
- It’s not snowing (for wiin).
What type of verb is this. What makes it unique?
- Zoogipon.
- Zoogiponini.
- Gaawiin zoogiposinoon.
- Gaawiin zoogiposinini.
It’s a VII. It’s a “dummy n” that drops off with endings.
Turn the following from A keyaa to B keyaa:
- Binad. (It is clean.)
- Wanisin. (It is lost.)
How would you make them Bkeyaa but in 4th person?
- binak (when it is clean)
- wanising (when it is lost)
- biinadinig
- wanisininig
Turn the following from A keyaa to B keyaa:
- Ate. (“It is there.”)
- Zoogipon. (“It is snowing.”)
How would you make them Bkeyaa but in 4th person?
- ateg (when it is there)
- zoogipog (when it is snowing)
- atenig
- zoogiponinig
What would you add to these three VIIs that deal with time to make them B keyaa?
- Waaban+? (“when it is tomorrow”)
- Aabitoose+? (“when it is Wednesday”)
- Biboon+? (“When it is winter”)
-g
Times + g = “when it is (that time)”
What are the VII B keyaa negation endings:
- if the verb ends in a vowel (either before or after a final -d or -n is dropped)?
- if the verb ends in -n?
- if the verb ends in a vowel (either before or after a final -d or -n is dropped) but it is in 4th person?
- if the verb ends in -n but in 4th person?
- -sinog
- -zinog
- -sininig
- -zininig
Transform the following B keyaas into negatives:
- biinak (“when it is clean”)
- wanising (“when it is lost”)
- ateg (“when it is there”)
- zoogipog (“when it is snowing”)
- biinasinog
- wanisinzinog
- atesinog
- zoogiposinog
Transform the following VII negative B-keyaas into 4th person:
- biinasinog “when it is not clean”
- wanisinzinog “when it is not lost”
- atesinog “when it is not there”
- zoogiposinog “when it is not snowing”
- biinasininig
- wanisinzininig
- atesininig
- zoogiposininig
