For the verb Bakite'w (Hit h/!), which of the following take a sound change? What is the sound change? 1. Gibakite'w + aa (You hit h/) 2. Gibakite'w + ig (S/he hits you) 3. Gibakite'w + i (You hit me) 4. Gibakite'w + in (I hit you) 5. Gibakite'w + igoo/igon (They hit you/it hits you)

-aa doesn't take a sound change, but the rest do: 1. Gibakite'waa (no change) 2. Gibakite'og (w + i = o) 3. Gibakite' (w + i = o, drops off) 4. Gibakite'on (w + i = o) 5. Gibakite'ogoo/ogon (w + i = o)

Aaniin ekidong Use Miizh "Give it to h/" 1. We (exc) give it to h/ 2. We (incl) give it to h/

1. Nimiinaanaan 2. Gimiinaanaan

Aaniin ekidong Use Miizh "Give it to h/" 1. We (exc) give it to them (pl) 2. We (inc) give it to them (pl)

1. Nimiinaanaanig 2. Gimiinaanaanig

Aaniin ekidong Use Miizh "Give it to h/" 1. S/he gives it to 4p 2. S/he gives it to 4p (pl)

Trick question, they're the same: 1. Omiinaan 2. Omiinaan

Aaniin ekidong Use Zegi' "Scare h/" People (indef actor) are scaring h/ What prefix do you need? What action sign(s)?

Zegi'aa No prefix, only "on wiin" action sign

Who is verbing whom? 1. Ni...aa 2. Gi...aa 3. Ni...aag 4. Gi...aag what does the action sign (i)g indicate in #3 and #4?

1. I verb h/ 2. You verb h/ 3. I verb them (pl) 4. You verb them (pl) on wiinawaa

VTA Niinawind+ -- action on Wiin A and B Keyaa (Year 2, Weeks 9-10) Flashcards by Rachael Schnurr

What are the 6 typical VTA endings?

-m
-n
-‘
-zh
-aw
-‘w

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What are the 4 action signs for VTAS?

On wiin
From wiin
On Niin
On Giin?

aa
ig(o)
i
in

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What VTA action sign indicates:
1. action from indefinite actor?
2. action from gegoo?

igoo
igon

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What 3 VTA endings never take a sound change?

-m, -n, -‘

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For the verb Bakite’w (Hit h/!), which of the following take a sound change? What is the sound change?

Gibakite’w + aa (You hit h/)
Gibakite’w + ig (S/he hits you)
Gibakite’w + i (You hit me)
Gibakite’w + in (I hit you)
Gibakite’w + igoo/igon (“They” hit you/it hits you)

-aa doesn’t take a sound change, but the rest do:

Gibakite’waa (no change)
Gibakite’og (w + i = o)
Gibakite’ (w + i = o, drops off)
Gibakite’on (w + i = o)
Gibakite’ogoo/ogon (w + i = o)

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If -aa indicates niin on wiin (I verb h/), what indicates niinawind on wiin (We verb h/)?

Hint: it is -aa + niinawind action sign

What is the niinawind action sign?

-aanaan

naan

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If -aa indicates niin on wiin (I verb h/), what indicates niin on wiinawaa (I verb them)?

Hint: it is -aa + wiinawaa action sign

What is the wiinawaa action sign?

-aag

(i)g

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If -aa indicates niin on wiin, what indicates niinawind on wiinawaa (we verb them)?

Hint: it is -aa + niinawind action sign + wiinawaa action sign

What are the niinawind and wiinawaa action signs?

-aanaanig

naan, (ig)

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What prefix and actions sign indicates “you verb h/”?

gi__aa

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What prefix and action signs indicate “we (inc) verb h/”?

gi__aanaan

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What prefix and action signs indicate “you verb them (pl)”?

gi__aag

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What prefix and action signs indicate “We (inc) verb them (pl)”?

Gi__aanaanig

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What VTA action sign indicates giinawaa?

So giinawaa verbs wiin would be Gi__?

-waa

Gi__aawaa (on wiin + from giinawaa)

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What prefix and three actions signs would indicate “Giinawaa (yall) verb Wiinawaa (them pl)”?

aa + waa + (i)g
Gi__aawaag

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If gi__aa indicates “you verb h/”, what would indicate “s/he verbs 4p”?

What if the 4p is plural? “H/ verbs them”?

o__aan

Trick question, it’s the same

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If O__aan means “S/he verbs 4p”, what would indicate “They (pl) verb 4p”?

What 3 parts make up the action sign?

O__aawaan

aa (on wiin), waa (from wiinawaa), and n (4p)

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If O__aawaan indicates “wiinawaa verbs 4p”, what would indicate “winawaa verbs 4p wiinawaa, that is, 4p plural”?

Trick question, it would be the same:
O__aawaan

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What VTA ending requires a sound change for “on wiin” (aa)?

-m
-n
-‘
-zh
-aw
‘a

Hunt, there’s only 1

-zh

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Aaniin ekidong

Use Miizh, “Give it to h/”

“I give it to h/”
“You give it to h/”

Nimiinaa
Gimiinaa

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Aaniin ekidong

Use Miizh “Give it to h/”

We (exc) give it to h/
We (incl) give it to h/

Nimiinaanaan
Gimiinaanaan

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Aaniin ekidong

Use Miizh “Give it to h/”

I give it to them (pl)
You give it to them (pl)

Nimiinaag
Gimiinaag

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Aaniin ekidong

Use Miizh “Give it to h/”

We (exc) give it to them (pl)
We (inc) give it to them (pl)

Nimiinaanaanig
Gimiinaanaanig

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Aaniin ekidong

Use Miizh “Give it to h/”

You all give it to h/
You all give it to them (pl)

Gimiinaawaa
Gimiinaawaag

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Aaniin ekidong

Use Miizh “Give it to h/”

S/he gives it to 4p
S/he gives it to 4p (pl)

Trick question, they’re the same:

Omiinaan
Omiinaan

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# Aaniin ekidong Use Miizh "Give it to h/" 1. They (pl) give it to 4p 2. They (pl) give it to 4p (pl) ## Footnote What 3 parts make up the action sign?

Trick Question, they are the same 1. Omiinaawaan 2. Omiinaawaan ## Footnote aa + waa+ n

Explain the difference between these two command sentences: Hint: Ozhibii'igetamaw = Write it for h/ 1. Ozhibii'igetamaw. 2. Mii-go izhi'ozhibii'igetamaw. ## Footnote Why are there no action signs?

1 is a command "Write it for her!" but 2 uses Mii-go izhi- as a "comman softener" Go ahead and write it for her. ## Footnote Commands don't take action signs

How do these 4 sentences differ? 1. Ozhibii'igetamaw! (Write it for h/) 2. Mii-go izhi-ozhibii'igetamaw. 3. Aaniin da ozhibii'igetamawaasiwad? 4. Gidaa-ozhibii'igetamawaa? ## Footnote What keyaa is each in?

1. Write it for h/! (Command) 2. Go head and write it for her (Mii-go izhi+verb = "command softener") 3. Why don't you write it for her? (Aaniin da + negative bkeyaa = indirect suggestion) 4. Could you write it for her? (Gidaa + akeyaa = question suggestion) ## Footnote 1: command, 2: command, 3: Bkeyaa, 4:Akeyaa

# Aaniin ekidong: Use Zegi' "Scare h/" 1. I'm scaring h/ 2. I'm scaring them (pl) 3. We (exc) are scaring h/ 4. We (exc) are scaring them (pl) ## Footnote What does the action sign -aa indicate? What about -(i)g? -naan?

1. Nizegi'aa 2. Nizegi'aag 3. Nizegi'aanaan 4. Nizegi'aanaanig ## Footnote on wiin, on wiinawaa, from niinawind

# Aaniin ekidong: Use Zegi' "Scare h/" 1. You're scaring h/ 2. You're scaring them (pl) 3. We (inc) are scaring h/ 4. We (inc) are scaring them (pl)

1. Gizegi'aa 2. Gizegi'aag 3. Gizegi'aanaan 4. Gizegi'aanaanig

# Aaniin ekidong Use Zegi' "Scare h/" 1. Yall are scaring h/ 2. Yall are scaring them (pl) 3. Wiin is scaring 4p (sing or pl) 4. Wiinawaa is scaring 4p (sing or pl)

1. Gizegi'aawaa 2. Gizegi'aawaag 3. Ozegi'aan 4. Ozegi'aawaan

# Aaniin ekidong Use Zegi' "Scare h/" People (indef actor) are scaring h/ ## Footnote What prefix do you need? What action sign(s)?

Zegi'aa ## Footnote No prefix, only "on wiin" action sign

How do you make someone's name into 4p?

Add -an

Who is verbing whom? 1. Ni...aa 2. Gi...aa 3. Ni...aag 4. Gi...aag ## Footnote what does the action sign (i)g indicate in #3 and #4?

1. I verb h/ 2. You verb h/ 3. I verb them (pl) 4. You verb them (pl) ## Footnote on wiinawaa

Who is verbing whom? 1. Ni...aanaan 2. Gi...aanaan 3. Ni...aanaanig 4. Gi...aanaanig

1. We (exc) verb h/ 2. We (incl) verb h/ 3. We (exc) verb them (pl) 4. We (incl) verb them (pl)

What action sign indicates: 1. on wiinawaa? 2. from niinawind or giinawind? 3. from giinawaa or wiinawaa? 4. on 4p singular or plural

1. aa + (i)g = aag 2. aa + naan 3. aa + waa 4. aa + n

# Translate the grammar pattern: Gaa-ako-bkeyaa

Ever since...

# Translate the grammar pattern: Indawaaj + akeyaa

Might as well...

# Aaniin ekidong I don't understand you.

Gaawiin ginisidotoosinoon.

# Aaniin ekidong Hang on/wait a sec

Bekaa

# Aaniin ekidong ok, come on

Ahaaw

# Aaniin ekidong Of course/you're welcome

Miinange

# Aaniin ekidong Is that so?

I'iw ina?

# Aaniin ekidong Is that right/correct?

Mii na gwayak?

# What's the difference between: Ay yay Oy yoy

Oh geez, oh boy Pity (or sarcasm)

# Aaniin ekidong Can I speak English?

Indaa-zhaaganaashim ina?

# Aaniin ekidong What else?

Awegonen gaye?

# Aaniin ekidong I don't know (it).

Gaawiin nigikndanziin

# Aaniin ekidong Dunno

Amanj

# Aaniin ekidong That's ok

Mii go iw

For VTA bkeyaa on wiin, what ending(s) take a sound change? 1. -m 2. -n 3. ' 4. -zh 5. 'w 6. aw

only #4, zh bec n

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when I verb h/"?

-ag

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when I verb them (pl)"? ## Footnote what two action signs make up this ending?

-agwaa ## Footnote -ag (niin on wiin) and -waa (action on wiinawaa)

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when we (exc) verb h/"? (Hint: it's irregular)

_angid

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when we (exc) verb them (pl)"? (Hint: it's irregular except for the last bit)

_angidwaa angid = niinawind on wiin waa = on wiinawaa

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when you verb h/"?

_ad

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when you verb them (pl)"? ## Footnote what two parts make up the action sign?

_adwaa ## Footnote -ad (giin on wiin) and -waa (action on wiinawaa)

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when we (inc) verb h/"? ## Footnote How is this different from "when we (exc) verb h/"?

-ang ## Footnote niinawind on wiin is -angid; giinawind on wiin is -ang

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when we (inc) verb them (pl)"? ## Footnote How is this different from "when we (exc) verb them (pl)"?

-angwaa ## Footnote niinawind on wiinawaa is -angidwaa; giinawind on wiinawaa is -angwaa

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when yall verb h/"?

-eg

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when yall verb them (pl) ## Footnote what two action signs make up this ending?

-egwaa ## Footnote -eg (giinawaa on wiin) plus -waa (on wiinawaa)

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when s/he verbs 4p"?

-aad

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when they (pl) verb 4p"?

-aawaad

for VTA bkeyaa, what ending indicates "when someone (indef) verbs h/"? ## Footnote What about "when someone (indef) verbs them (pl)"?

-ind ## Footnote -indwaa

# Translate Gaa-ako-giiwenaazha'wag... Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? Who is it on? What keyaa is it?

Ever since I told h/ to go home... ## Footnote niin on wiin, C

# Translate Mii waa-onji-giiwenaazha'wagwaa. Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

That's why I want to tell them to go home. ## Footnote Niin on wiinawaa, C

# Translate Gaa-ako-giiwenaazha'wangid... Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

Ever since we told h/ to go home... ## Footnote Niinawind on wiin, C

# Translate Gaa-ako-giiwenaazha'wangidwaa... Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

Ever since we (exc) told them to go home... ## Footnote Niinawind on wiinawaa, C

# translate Aaniin dash gaa-onji-giiwenaazha'wad? Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

How come you told h/ to go home? ## Footnote Giin on wiin, C

# Translate Aaniin dash gaa-onji-giiwenaazha'wadwaa? Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

How come you told them (pl) to go home? ## Footnote Giin on wiinawaa, C

# Translate Aniin apii ge-giiwenaazha'wang? Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

When should we (inc) tell h/ to go home? ## Footnote Giinawind on wiin, C

# Translate Aaniin apii ge-giiwenaazha'wangwaa? Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

When should we (inc) tell them (pl) to go home? ## Footnote Giinawind on wiinawaa, C

# Translate Miigwech giiwenaazha'weg. Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

Thank yall for telling h/ to go home. ## Footnote Giinawaa on wiin, B

# Translate Miigwech giiwenaazha'wegwaa. Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

Thank yall for telling them (pl) to go home. ## Footnote Giinawaa on wiinawaa, B

# Translate Mii gaa-onji-giiwenaazha'waad. Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

That's why 3p told 4p to go home. ## Footnote 3p on 4p, C

# Translate Mii gaa-onji-giiwenaazha'waawaad. Hint: Giiwenaazha'(w) = "Tell h/ to go home" ## Footnote Who is this from? On? What keyaa?

That's why they (pl) told 4p to go home. ## Footnote Wiinawaa on 4p, C

# Aaniin ekidong... When can I give it to h/? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinag?

# Aaniin ekidong When can I give it to them (pl)? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinagwaa?

# Aaniin ekidong When can we (exc) give it to h/? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinangid?

# Aaniin ekidong When can we (exc) give it to them (pl)? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinangidwaa?

# Aaniin ekidong When can you give it to h/? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinad?

# Aaniin ekidong When can we (inc) give it to h/? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinang?

# Aaniin ekidong When can we (inc) give it to them (pl)? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinangwaa?

# Aaniin ekidong When can yall give it to h/? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miineg?

# Aaniin ekidong When can yall give it to them (pl)? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinegwaa?

# Aaniin ekidong When can s/he give it to 4p? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinaad?

# Aaniin ekidong When can they (pl) give it to 4p? Hint: Aaniin apii + daa-ckeyaa = "when can I..."

Aaniin apii ge-miinaawaad?

Of the VTA bkeyaa on wiin endings below, which indicates 1. niinawind on wiin? 2. giinawind on wiin? A. angid B. aawaad C. ad D. ang

1. A, angid 2. D, ang

Of the VTA bkeyaa on wiin endings below, which indicates 1. niinawind on wiinawaa? 2. giinawind on wiinawaa? A. ad B. aawaad C. angidwaa D. angwaa

1. C, angidwaa 2. D, angwaa

Of the VTA bkeyaa on wiin endings below, which indicates 1. Giin on wiin? 2. Giinawind on wiin? 3. Giinawaa on wiin? A. ang B. eg C. ad D. aad

1. C, ad 2. A, ang 3. B, eg

Of the VTA bkeyaa on wiin endings below, which indicates 1. Giin on wiinawaa? 2. Giinawind on wiinawaa? 3. Giinawaa on wiinawaa? A. angwaa B. adwaa C. aad D. egwaa

1. B, adwaa 2. A, angwaa 3. D, egwaa

Of the VTA bkeyaa on wiin endings below, which indicates 1. wiin on 4p 2. wiinawaa on 4p A. ang B. eg C. aawaad D. aad

1. D, aad 2. D, aawaad

Used to

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