VAI Niinawind+ (Year 2, Weeks 1-3) Flashcards
Translate!
Niin
Niinawind
Giin
Giinawind
Giinawaa
Wiin
Wiinawaa
Me/I
Us/We (exclusive)
You
Us/We (inclusive)
Y’all
h/ or they singular
Them (pl)
What is the difference between Niinawind and Giinawind?
Both mean us/we, but Niinawind means “and not you” aka exclusive
What is the plural animate verb ending?
What is the plural inanimate verb ending?
-iig
-an
If you are verbing a plural animate noun that belongs to someone else (like “h/ rocks”), what ending does it take instead of -iig to show it is 4p?
iin
Is the following sentence 4th person or 4th thing? How do you know?
Nigaazhagensan minogaamowan. (H/cat is chubby.)
4th person, because the verb is a VAI and both the verb and the noun take a 4th person ending (-an)
Is the following sentence 4th person or 4th thing? How do you know?
Onizhishinini.
4th thing. The verb is a VII and so there is only a 4th ending on the verb. (If there were nouns in this sentence, they wouldn’t take the 4th ending.)
Translate!
Indasiniig
Gidasiniig
Odasiniin
My rocks
Your rocks
H/ rocks (4th p)
Review:
What do each of these consonants become when a preverb is added?
- b
- d
- g
- j
- z
- zh
- p
- t
- k
- ch
- s
- sh
Review
What are the 4 endings for VAI verbs?
long vowels
short vowels
-am
-n
What is added to a VAI that ends in a vowel in order to say niinawind (us but not you)?
ni…(i)min
What is added to a VAI that ends in a vowel in order to say giinawind (us, including you)?
gi…min
What is added to a VAI that ends in a vowel in order to say giinawaa (you all)?
gi…m
What is the difference in meaning when gi…min is added to a VAI that ends in a vowel vs. when gi…m is added?
gi…min is “giinawind” (us, including you)
gi…m is “giinawaa” (you all)
Aaniin ekidong…
We (but not you) are working.
We (including you) are working.
You all are working.
Nindanokiimin.
Gidanokiimin.
Gidanokiim.
What is added to a VAI that ends in a vowel in order to say wiinawaa (them plural)?
wag
What is added to a VAI that ends in a vowel in order to verb a 4th person?
What about an indefinite actor?
-wan
-m (same as giinawaa but no preverb)
Aaniin ekidong…
People (in general) are working.
There is work happening.
Work is the vibe.
Trick question: they are all indefinite actor, anokiim
When are the following endings added to the end of a VAI that ends in a vowel?
- min
- m
- wag
- wan
When are ni-, gi-, or o- added?
- niinawind (us, not you); giinawind (us, including you)
- giinawaa (y’all); indefinite actor
- wiinawaa (them pl.)
- 4th person
- Ni- in niinawind, ni…min (us, not you)
- Gi- in giinawind, gi…min (us, including you) as well as giinawaa, gi…m (y’all)
- Trick question, o-is never used as a preverb in VAIs
What is added to a VAI that ends in -m in order to say niinawind (us, but not you)?
ni…aamin
What is added to a VAI that ends in -m in order to say giinawind (us, including you)?
gi…aamin
What is added to a VAI that ends in -m in order to say giinawaa (y’all)?
gi…aam
What is added to a VAI that ends in -m in order to say wiinawaa (them pl)?
How is this a sound change?
…oog
-am + -wag = oog
What is added to a VAI that ends in -m in order to verb someone who is 4th person?
How is this a sound change?
…oon
-am + -wan = oon
What is added to a VAI that ends in -am in order to verb an indefinite actor?
How is this a sound change?
…aam
-am + -m = aam
What is added to a VAI that ends in -n in order to say niinawind (us, but not you)?
ni…imin
What is added to a VAI that ends in -n in order to say giinawind (us, including you)?
gi…imin
What is added to a VAI that ends in -n in order to say giinawaa (y’all)?
gi…m
What is added to a VAI that ends in -n in order to say wiinawaa (them pl)?
How is this a sound change?
…oog
-n + wag = oog
What is added to a VAI that ends in -n in order to verb someone 4th person?
How is this a sound change?
…oon
-n + -wan = oon
“min/m/wag/wan” are the 4 standard VAI verb endings for niinawind/giinawind/giinawaa/wiinawaa when the verb ends in a vowel.
But what transition sound needs to go between the end of the verb and the ending if the verb ends in -m, to make it sound right? What about if the verb ends in -n?
If it ends in -m, aa is the transition sound. For example, niminwendamaamin (we, but not you, are happy).
If it ends in -n, i is the transition sound. For example, niagwaagwaabikishinimin (we, but not you, are turning rusty).
Review
For a VAI, what happens when the verb begins with a vowel and a preverb is added? For example, ni- + ojibwemo?
The initial vowel doubles.
Nidoojibwem.
Translate
What is the difference between these two verbs?
- gaagiigido
- ikido
Which of the 4 verb types are they?
- S/he speaks.
- S/he says a certain thing.
Both are VAIs
Aaniin ekidong…
- My older brother (nisayenh) is speaking (gagaagiigido).
- My older brother is speaking (4th person).
What sound change has occurred?
- Nisayenh gaagiigido.
- Nisayenyahn gaagiididowan.
Nisayenh + an doesn’t sound right, so it’s nisayenyan. (Remember, in 4th person both the verb and the noun take 4p endings.)
How would you make this sentence 4th person?
Migi a’aw animosh. (That dog is barking.)
What words change to show it is now 4th person?
Migiwan iniw animoshan.
The verb takes -wan, a’aw becomes the 4p pointer word, and the noun takes -an.
How would you make the word “opin” (potato) plural? What about plural 4th person?
What sound change has occurred in the 2nd example?
Opiniig
Opiniin
iig + an = iin
What do all of the following have in common?
- Biigoshkaam. (People are broke/poor.)
- Bangitoom. (It is quiet.)
- Baapim. (There is laughter.)
What does the root “bang” indicate?
All 3 are VAIs conjugated for an indefinite actor.
“fall”
Which tense markers indicate:
- past tense
- wanting or intending to
- definite future
- can/could/should/would
when does da- become ga-?
- gii-
- wii-
- da-/ga-
- daa-
If there is a prefix added before the tense marker
If you see the root “se” on a VII or VAI, it indicates what?
“quick action” or “going along”
Translate:
Izhise.
Minose.
Maazhise.
What root do these all share?
It’s going (time passing).
It’s going good.
It’s going badly.
“se” meaning “quick action” or “going along”
Translate:
Aaniin gaa-ichichigeyan…
- o’ow bemiseg?
- noongom bemiseg?
- gaa-pimiseg?
- iwedi gaa-pimiseg?
- bijinaago?
- awasonaago?
What did you do…
1. this week?
2. this week? (both)
3. last week?
4. the week before last?
5. yesterday?
6. the day before yesterday?
Review
What word means both “and” and “again”?
Miinawaa
Translate
Minawaa ingii-kagwejimaa.
what sound change has led to -kag?
I asked h/ again.
gii+gagwejim
Translate
Mii miinawaa gaa-izhi-nagamod.
Is this a, b, or c keyaa?
That’s when h/ sang again.
c
Aaniin ekidong
“one more” or “another one”
miinawaa bezhig
Review
What word means “too” and “also”?
gaye
Translate
geniin
geniinawind
gegiin
gegiinawind
gegiinawaa
gewiin
gewiinawaa
What word is being added to each noun?
me too
us (not you) too
you too
us all too
y’all too
h/ too
them too
gaye
Review
What word means “but” “then” “as for” and also “and” sometimes, acting as a “topic changer”?
Where does it always go in the sentence?
dash or idash
It’s always the second word
Translate
Ingii-maniwiigwaasemin iko niinawind nimaamaayiban.
maniwiigwaase = S/he gathers birchbard (VAI)
Why isn’t it “iko niin minawaa nimaamaa”?
My mother and I used to gather birchbark.
“niinawind” means “we” – that’s how you say it in Ojibwemowin, not “my mother and I”
Translate
Nigaazhegens ingii-mamaawi-agindasomin.
What “person” is this in?” How can you tell?
My cat and I read together.
Niinawind, because it’s agindasoMIN, not agindas (if it were niin)
Review
What word do you use (+ bkeyaa) to say:
- If…
- I hope/wish that…
- Thanks for…
- Then…
- Giishpin
- Ambegish
- Miigwech
- Mii dash
wii- and ambegish both indicate hope/desire, so how do they differ? (2 ways)
How does “Wii-mino-ayaa” translate differently from “Ambegish mino-ayaad”?
Wii- can be used in any tense, but ambegish doesn’t like tense markers. Also, wii-can be from any person’s perspective, but ambegish is always from the speaker’s perspective.
“She’s gonna be (uncertain) fine” vs. “I hope that she will be fine”
If a VAI ends in a vowel, what are the bkeyaa endings?
Try it out on Nagamo, “S/he sings.”
Nagamoyaan – When I sing
Nagamoyaang – When we sing (not you)
Nagamoyan – When you sing
Nagamoyang – When we sing (plus you)
Nagamoyeg – When you (pl) sing
Nagamod – When s/he sings
Nagamowaad –When they (pl) sing
Nagamonid – When 4p sings
Nagamong – When there is singing
If a VAI ends in -n, what are the b-keyaa endings?
Try it out on Dagoshin, “S/he arrives”
Which one has a sound change?
Dagoshinaan - “when I arrive”
Dagoshinaang – “when we arrive”
Dagoshinan – “when you arrive”
Dagoshinang – “when we (incl you) arrive”
Dagoshineg – “when y’all arrive”
Dagoshing – “when s/he arrives”
Dagoshinowaad – “when they (pl) arrive”
Dagoshininid – “when 4p arrives”
Dagoshining – When everyone gets there (indef)
Dagoshing (n + d = ng) for wiin
Translate the following VAI b-keyaas (hint: gaachimo means S/he is fussy)
gaachimoyaang
gaachimoyang
gaachimoyeg
gaachimowaad
What would the 4th person ending be?
when we (not you) are fussy (niinawind)
when we (incl you) are fussy (giinawind)
when you (pl) are fussy (giinawaa)
when they are fussy (wiinawaa)
nid
If a VAI ends in -m, what are the bkeyaa endings?
Try it out using Noodendam, “S/he flirts”
Which of them requires a sound change?
noodendamaan – “when I flirt”
noodendamaang – “when we (not you) flirt”
noodendaman – “when you flirt”
noodendamang – “when we (incl you) flirt”
noodendameg – “when you (pl) flirt”
noodendang – “when s/he flirts”
noodendamowaad – “when they (pl) flirt”
noodendaminid – “when 4p flirts”
noodendaming – “when it’s flirty, indef”
Wiin – m + d = ng
aaniin ekidong
“when they (pl) sing”
nagamowaad
Aaniin ekidong
“when 4p sings”
nagamonid
aaniin ekidong
“when y’all sing”
nagamoyeg
aaniin ekidong
“when we (not you) get there”
dagoshinaang
aaniin ekidong
“when we (incl you) get there”
dagoshinang
aaniin ekidong
“when s/he gets there”
dagoshing
aaniin ekidong
“when they (pl) are fussy” (gaachimo)
gaachimowaad
aaniin ekidong
“when 4p is fussy” (gaachimo)
gaachimonid
aaniin ekidong
“when I flirt”
“when we (not you) flirt”
(Noodendam)
noodendamaan
noodendamaang
aaniin ekidong
“when y’all flirt” (noodendam)
noodendameg
For a VAI in bkeyaa, what ending means “y’all” or giinawaa?
-eg
Aaniin ekidong
My canoe
Our canoe (not yours)
Your canoe
our canoe (incl yours)
nijiimaan
nijiimaaninaan
gijiimaan
gijiimaaninaan
Aaniin ekidong
your (pl) canoe
h/ canoe
their (pl) canoe
4p’s canoe
gijiimaaniwaa
ojiimaan
ojiimaaniwaa
ojiimaanini
Aaniin ekidong
my potato
our (not your) potato
your potato
our (incl your) potato
what happens to the initial vowel?
indoopin
indoopiniinaan
gidoopin
gidoopiniinaan
it doubles – opin to oopin
aaniin ekidong
y’alls potato
h/ potato (4p because awiya)
their (pl) potato (4p because awiya)
4p’s potato (5p because awiya)
gidoopiniiwaa
odoopiniin
odoopiniiwan
odoopiniini
Let’s say you’re going to make a noun possessive (eg. “h/ potato” or “their (pl) canoe”). In addition to the prefixes ni-, gi-, and o-, what suffixes do you add to the noun if it is gegoo? What suffixes do you add if it is awiya? How do they differ?
niin - none
niinawind - inaan if gegoo; iinaan if awiya
giin - none
giinawind - inaan if gegoo; iinaan if awiya
giinawaa - iwaa if gegoo; iiwaa if awiya
wiin - none if gegoo; iin if awiya (because it is 4p)
wiinawaa - iwaa if gegoo; iiwan if awiya (because it’s 4p)
4p - ini if gegoo; iini if awiya ( noun is 5th person)
translate
nijiimaaninaan, indoopiniinaan
how do the endings differ and why?
Our (not your) canoe, our (not your) potato
inaan vs. iinaan, because the first is gegoo and the second awiya
ojiimaaniwaa, odoopiniiwan
Both are wiinawaa, so why are the endings different?
Their (pl) canoe, their (pl) potato
Because potato is awiya, so the noun becomes 4p
Aaniin ekidong
H/ cat?
Their (pl) cat?
4p’s cat?
ogaazhagensan
ogaazhagensiiwan
ogaazhagensini
What endings would you add to this sentence so that it says, “If my cat and I were righ, we’d travel everywhere”?
Giishpin dani[blank] niinawind, nigaazhagens niziwe indaa-babaa-ayaa[blank].
What keys are these 2 blanks in?
- yaang
- min
B, A
What ending would you add to this sentence so it says, “When we go and gamble today, maybe you’ll win”?
O-ataage[blank] noogom, maagizha giga-bakinaage.
what keyaa is this
yaang
B
What ending would you add in this sentence so it says, “I heard that you all are wanting to go and gamble”?
Ingii-noondam wii-o-ataage[blank].
What keyaa is this?
-yeg
B
What does each noun class end with?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- consonant
- long vowel + secret w
- short vowel + secret w
- consonant + secret w
- secret y
What connector do you use with each of the noun classes, in order to add a suffix and create a VAI?
- ends in consonant
- ends in long vowel + secret w
- ends in short vowel + secret w
- ends in consonant + secret w
- ends in secret y
- i
- none needed
- lengthen the short vowel
- w + i = o, so o needed
- ii
What suffix do you add to a noun to make it a verb of making?
-ike
What suffix do you add to a noun to make it a verb of abundance?
-(i)kaa
What suffix do you add to a noun to make it a verb of being?
-(i)wi if awiya
-(i)wan if gegoo
If bakwezhigan is the noun for “bread”
and bakwezhigan is the root of the noun
how would you say the VAI, “S/he bakes bread”?
(verb of making)
What class of noun is this and why?
Bakwezhiganike.
class 1, ends in consonant
If makak is the noun for “basket”
and makakw is the root of the noun
how would you say the VAI, “S/he makes a basket”?
(verb of making)
What class of noun is this and why?
Makakoke.
class 4, ends in consonant + secret w
If aki is the noun for “land”
and aky is the root of the noun
how would you say the VII, “There is a lot of land”?
(verb of abundance)
What class of noun is this and why?
Akiikaa.
5, it ends in secret y
If anishinaabe is the noun for “people”
and anishinaabew is the root of the noun
how would you say the VII, “There are a lot of people”?
(Verb of abundance)
What class of noun is this and why?
Anishinaabekaa.
2, it ends in a long vowel + a secret w
If ikwe is the verb for “woman”
and ikwew is the root of the noun
how would you say the VAI, “S/he is a woman”?
(Verb of being)
What class of noun is this and why?
Ikwewi.
Class 2 (awiya), long vowel and secret w
If naboob is the noun for “soup”
and nabooby is the root of the noun
how would you say the VII, “It is soup.”
(Verb of being)
What class of noun is this and why?
Naboobiiwan.
Class 5 (gegoo), ends in y
- Noun + what = verb of making?
- Noun + what = verb of abundance/number?
- Noun + what = verb of being?
- -ike
- -ikaa
- -iwi for awiya, -iwan for gegoo
