Translate! 1. Iniw Cindyan owabamaan a'aw Tony. 2. Owaabamaan iniw Cindyan a'aw Tony. 3. Owaabamaan a'aw Tony iniw Cindyan.

1. Tony sees Cindy. 2. Tony sees Cindy. 3. Tony sees Cindy. Word order doesn't matter! The ending -n on Cindy makes her 4p.

Aaniin ekidong... 1. I see h/ 2. You see h/ 3. S/he sees h/ (4p)

1. Niwaabamaa 2. Giwaabamaa 3. Owaabamaan

Aaniin ekidong... 1. You hold h/ 2. S/he holds h/ (4p) 3. I hold h/

1. Gidakonaa 2. Odakonaan 3. Nidakonaa

Aaniin ekidong... 1. I love h/. 2. You love h/. 3. S/he loves h/ (4p).

1. Nizaagi'aa. 2. Gizaagi'aa. 3. Ozaagi'aan.

Translate! Giishpin waabamag inga-wiindamawaa. Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

If I see h/, I will tell h/. B-keyaa, A-Keyaa (future).

Translate! Giishpin bizindawad, giga-minawaanigo'aa. Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

If you listen to h/, you will make h/ happy. B, A (future)

Translate! Giishpin zaagi'aad, oga-wiidigemaan. Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

If s/he loves h/, s/he will marry h/. B, A (future)

Translate! Ambegish waabanag. Gegoo niwii-wiindamaawaa. What does "wii" signify in the preverb "niwii"?

I hope that I see h/. I want to tell h/ something. To want to. (Future)

Translate! Miigwech wiidokawad. Apane gimino-doodawaa. Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

Thank you for helping h/. You always treat h/ well. B, A (present)

Aaniin ekidong... I am happy when I see h/. What about "You are happy when you see h/"?

Niminwendam waabamag. Giminwendam waabamad.

VTA on and from wiin (Weeks 9-11) Flashcards by Rachael Schnurr

Grammar Question!

What are the 6 common endings for VTAs?

-m
-n
-‘
-aw
-‘w
-zh

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Grammar Question!

What are the 4 actions signs for VTAs in Akeyaa, and what do they mean?

-aa (action on wiin)
-ig(o) (action from wiin)
-i (action on niin)
-in (action on giin)

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Grammar Question!

What do you add to the end of a VTA to make it action on 4th person?

Can you make an example using Waabam?

-n

Owaabanaan (giin+verb+action on wiin+4p)

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Translate!

Iniw Cindyan owabamaan a’aw Tony.
Owaabamaan iniw Cindyan a’aw Tony.
Owaabamaan a’aw Tony iniw Cindyan.

Tony sees Cindy.
Tony sees Cindy.
Tony sees Cindy.

Word order doesn’t matter! The ending -n on Cindy makes her 4p.

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Translate:

Waabam.

What type of verb is this?

See h/!

VTA

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Dakon.

What type of verb is this?

Hold h/!

VTA

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Zaagi’

What type of verb is this?

Love h/!

VTA

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Mikaw.

What type of verb is this?

Find h/!

VTA

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Bakite’w.

What type of verb is this?

Hit h/!

VTA

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Biizh.

What type of verb is this?

Bring h/!

VTA

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Grammar Question!

If you put -aa at the end of a VTA, what does it signify?

The action is “on wiin”

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Grammar Question!

For action on wiin (-aa) with a VTA, which of the following endings has a sound change?

-m
-n
-
-aw
-‘w
-zh

What is/are the change(s)?

becomes -n

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Aaniin ekidong…

I see h/
You see h/
S/he sees h/ (4p)

Niwaabamaa
Giwaabamaa
Owaabamaan

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Aaniin ekidong…

You hold h/
S/he holds h/ (4p)
I hold h/

Gidakonaa
Odakonaan
Nidakonaa

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Aaniin ekidong…

I love h/.
You love h/.
S/he loves h/ (4p).

Nizaagi’aa.
Gizaagi’aa.
Ozaagi’aan.

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Grammar Question!

How would you use the verb “miizh” (Give something to someone) to say the following sentences?

I give it to h/.
You give it to h/.
S/he gives it to h/.

Nimiinaa.
Gimiinaa.
Omiinaan.

-zh becomes n for action on wiin (-aa)

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Translate:

Nimaamaa ko ogii-nokizwaan iniw esibanan (raccoon).

What does “ko” signify?
Why does the verb end in -aan?
Why does the word for raccoon also end in -an?

My mother used to cook raccoon tender.

“used to”
It’s 4th person, action on wiin
It’s the 4th person object

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Grammar Question!

In the following sentence, what signifies 4th person?

Naanan ogaawan ogii-ishkonaan. “S/he saved five walleyes.”

-aan, 4th person action on wiin

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Aaniin ekidong…

I hug h/. (daabitoojiin)

What about “You hug h/”?

Nidaabitoojiinaa.

Gidaabitoojiinaa.

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Aaniin ekidong…

I listen to h/.

What about “S/he listens to h/ (4p?).”

Nibizindawaa.

Obizindawaan.

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Translate!

Nidaada’waa.

What about Odaada’waan?

I beat h/.

S/he beat h/ (4p).

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Grammar Question:

If “Miijin” is used to eat something inanimate, what irregular verb is used to eat something animate?

Can you use it to say “I’m eating a potato (a’aw opin)”?

Amo

Nidamwaa a’aw opin.

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Grammar Question:

The irregular verb “izhi” (to say to) gets shortened to what when action signs are added?

Can you use it to say “I’m saying aaniin to h/”?

Aaniin indinaa.

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Translate!

Obamenimaan iniw animoshan.

How can you tell the action is in 4th person?

S/he takes care of that dog.

The verb ends in -n and the 4p noun adds -an at the end.

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# Grammar Question: Which of the following action signs signifies action from wiin? 1. -aa 2. -ig(o) 3. -i 4. -in ## Footnote What about action on wiin?

-ig(o) ## Footnote -aa

# Grammar Question: If the VTA "action on wiin" ending is -aa in A-keyaa, what is the ending in B-keyaa.... 1. For niin action on wiin? 2. For giin action on wiin? 3. For 3rd p action on 4th p?

1. -ag 2. -ad 3. -aad

# Aaniin ekidong... If the VTA "dakwam" means to bite something animate, how would you use B-keyaa to say: 1. when I bite awiya 2. when you bite awiya 3. when s/he bites awiya

1. dakwamag 2. dakwamad 3. dakwamaad

# Aaniin ekidong... If the irregular VTA "amo" means to eat something animate, how would you use B-keyaa to say: 1. when I eat awiya 2. when you eat awiya 3. when s/he eat awiya ## Footnote What does the o sound change into?

1. amwag 2. amwad 3. amwaad ## Footnote w

# Grammar Question: Are the following B-keyaa VTAs action from niin on wiin, action from giin on wiin, or action from wiin on wiin (4p)? 1. amajwebinag 2. niimikawaad 3. dakwamad 4. amwad

1. niin on wiin 2. 4p on wiin 3. giin on wiin 4. giin on wiin

# Translate! Giishpin waabamag inga-wiindamawaa. ## Footnote Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

If I see h/, I will tell h/. ## Footnote B-keyaa, A-Keyaa (future).

# Translate! Giishpin bizindawad, giga-minawaanigo'aa. ## Footnote Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

If you listen to h/, you will make h/ happy. ## Footnote B, A (future)

# Translate! Giishpin zaagi'aad, oga-wiidigemaan. ## Footnote Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

If s/he loves h/, s/he will marry h/. ## Footnote B, A (future)

# Grammar Question: What does the Ambegish + B-keyaa grammar pattern mean?

I hope that...

# Translate! Ambegish waabanag. Gegoo niwii-wiindamaawaa. ## Footnote What does "wii" signify in the preverb "niwii"?

I hope that I see h/. I want to tell h/ something. ## Footnote To want to. (Future)

# Translate! Miigwech wiidokawad. Apane gimino-doodawaa. ## Footnote Are these A B or C Keyaas? What tense?

Thank you for helping h/. You always treat h/ well. ## Footnote B, A (present)

# Aaniin ekidong... I am happy when I see h/. ## Footnote What about "You are happy when you see h/"?

Niminwendam waabamag. ## Footnote Giminwendam waabamad.

# Translate! Ambegish mawadisag. ## Footnote Is this in A B or C-keyaa?

I hope that I visit h/. ## Footnote B

# Grammar Question: How would you change this sentence from "I hope that I give back h/'s land" to "I hope that you give back h/'s land"? Ambegish azhenamawag odakiim. ## Footnote What indicates that the land is h/'s?

Ambegish azhenamawad odakiim. ## Footnote o-

# Translate! Giishpin aandapinag azhigwa, giin gidaa-aandapinaa baamaapii. aandapin = to change someone's diaper ## Footnote What signifies "should"?

If I change h/ diaper now, you should change it later. ## Footnote daa-

# Grammar Question What is the preverb "wiiji" used for and what does it mean? Example: daa --> wiijidaam ## Footnote What other letter do you need to add to change the meaning?

It turns VAIs into VTAs and means "to do something with someone" Example: daa (to live) --> wiijidaam (to live with someone) ## Footnote -m at the end

# Translate! Which of the following means "Thank you for singing for h/"? 1. Niminwendaan gaanda'wad. 2. Miigwech nagamotawad. 3. Miigwech wiidookawad. ## Footnote Can you translate the other two sentences as well?

1. I like it when you push h/. 2. CORRECT 3. Thank you for helping h/.

# Translate! Which of the following means, "When the dog sees that man, the dog barks a lot"? 1. Waabamaad iniw ininiwan a'aw animosh, gichi-migi. 2. Waabamaad iniw ininiwan gichi-migi. 3. Waabamaad, gichi-migi. ## Footnote What makes the other two sentences different?

#1 ## Footnote #2 leaves out the dog and #3 both the man and the dog, leaving implied pronouns instead

# Aaniin ekidong... What ending would you add to this sentence so that it says "I hope that dog bites that man"? Ambegish dakwam[ ] iniw ininiwan a'aw animosh. ## Footnote Is this A B or C Keyaa?

dakwam**aad** ## Footnote B

# Translate! Gigizhebaa-wiisini. ## Footnote What about "Nigigizhebaa-wiisin"?

S/he eats breakfast. ## Footnote I eat breakfast.

# Translate! Naawakwe-wiisini. ## Footnote What about "Ninaawakwe-wiisin?"

S/he eats lunch. ## Footnote I eat lunch.

# Translate! Onaagoshi-wiisini. ## Footnote What about "Gidonaagoshi-wiisin"?

S/he eats dinner. ## Footnote You eat dinner.

# Translate! Baaka'aakwenh ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Chicken ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Mizise ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Turkey ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Waawaashkeshi ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Deer ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Bizhiki ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Cow ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Gookoosh ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Pork/bacon/ham ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Giigoonh ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Fish ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Wiiyas ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Meat ## Footnote gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Baaka'aakwenh-wiiyas ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Chicken meat ## Footnote Gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Waawaashkeshi-wiiyaas ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Deer meat ## Footnote Gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Okaadak(oon) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Carrot(s) ## Footnote Gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Bipakoombens(an) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Cucumber(s) ## Footnote Gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Aniibiishens(an) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Greens, Lettuce(s) ## Footnote Gegoo, miijin

# Tranlsate! Misko-jiis(an) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Root vegetable(s) ## Footnote Gegoo, miijin

# Grammar Question: Is the word for vegetable(s) "gitigaanens(an)" awiya or gegoo? ## Footnote Would you use amo or miijin to describe eating them?

gegoo ## Footnote miijin

# Translate! Opin(iig) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Potato(es) ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Zhigaagawanzh(iig) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Onion(s) ## Footnote Awiya, amo

# Translate! Mandaamin(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Corn ## Footnote Awiya, amo

# Translate! Wazhashkwedoons ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Mushrooms ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! mashkodiisimin(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

bean(s) ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Miin(an) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Blueberr(ies) ## Footnote gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Ode'imin(an) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Strawberr(ies) ## Footnote gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Ookwemin(an) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Cherr(ies) ## Footnote gegoo, miijin

# Translate! Mishiimin(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Apple(s) ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Ozaawimishiimin(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Orange(s) ## Footnote Awiya, amo

# Translate! bagesaan(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Plum(s) ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Miishi-bagesaan(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Peaches ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Miskomin(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Raspberr(ies) ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Translate! Zhoomin(ag) ## Footnote Is it awiya or gegoo? Would you use the verb "amo" or "miijin"?

Grape(s) ## Footnote awiya, amo

# Aaniin ekidong... Did you eat breakfast? ## Footnote What about lunch?

Gigii-kigizhebaa-wiisin ina? ## Footnote Gigii-naawakwe-wiisin ina?

# Aaniin ekidong... Yes, I ate.

Eenh, ingii-wiisin.

# Aaniin ekidong... I ate (something animate) I ate (something inanimate) ## Footnote What if they were plural?

Ingii-amwaa. Ingii-miijin. ## Footnote Ingii-amwaag. Ingii-miijinan.

# Grammar Question: What does the grammar pattern below mean? Nawaj [blank] apii dash [blank]. ## Footnote Can you give an example?

S/he is [blank]er than [blank]. ## Footnote Nawaj dakoozi apii dash niin. "S/he is shorter than me."

# Grammar Question: True or False? The action sign -ig(o) means the action is from wiin.

True

# Grammar Question: Which of the following endings has a sound change with the -ig(o) action sign? What are they? 1. -m 2. -n 3. -' 4. -aw 5. -'w 6. -zh ## Footnote How is this different from action on wiin (-aa)?

4, 5, 6 aw + ig = aag 'w + ig = 'og zh + ig = nig ## Footnote For action on wiin, only -zh changes to -n

# Aaniin ekidong... S/he sees me. ## Footnote What about I see h/?

Niwaabamig. ## Footnote Niwaabamaa.

# Aaniin ekidong... S/he loves me. ## Footnote What about I love h/?

Nizaagi'ig. ## Footnote Nisaagi'aa.

# Grammar Question: Use the VTA "mikaw" (to find) to say the following sentence: S/he found me. ## Footnote Is there a sound change? If so, what is it?

Ingii-mikaag. ## Footnote Yes. aw + ig = aag

# Grammar Question: If a VTA ends in 'w and the action is from wiin, what is the sound change?

'w + ig = og

# Grammar Question: Use the VTA "Miizh" (to give to) to say the following sentence: She is giving it to me. ## Footnote Is there a sound change? If so, what is it?

Nimiinig. ## Footnote Yes. zh + ig = nig

# Translate! 1. Nimikawaa. 2. Nimikaag. ## Footnote Does either have a sound change? What is it?

1. I find h/. 2. S/he finds me. ## Footnote Yes, #2 (aw + ig = aag)

# Translate! 1. Giboojaaba'waa. 2. Giboojaaba'og. boojaaba’w = poke h/ eye out ## Footnote Does either have a sound change? What is it?

You poke h/ eye out. S/he pokes your eye out. ## Footnote Yes, #2 ('w + ig = og)

# Translate! 1. Nindazhewinaa. 2. Nindazhewinig. ## Footnote Does either have a sound change? What is it?

1. I'm taking h/ back. 2. S/he is taking me back. ## Footnote Yes, both! (zh + aa = naa/ zh + ig = nig)

# Grammar Question: What is the VTA A keyaa ending that signifies action from a 4th person?

igoon

# Translate! 1. Odazhewinaan. 2. Odazhewinigoon.

1. 3p is taking 4p back. 2. 4p is taking 3p back.

# Grammar Question: What are the B-keyaa endings for: 1. Action from wiin on niin 2. Action from wiin on giin 3. Action from 4th person onto 3rd person

1. -id 2. -ik 3. -igod

# Grammar Question: If "Niwaabamaa" means I see h/, and "waabamag" means when I see h/, what does "wayaabamag" mean? *2 options*

1. The one who I see 2. As soon as/once/after I saw them (C-keyaa used to show action already completed)

# Grammar Question: What does the grammar pattern "Mii [blank]" mean? ## Footnote Example: Mii a'aw nimaamaa.

That's [blank] ## Footnote Example: That's my mom.

# Translate! Mii a'aw zayaagi'ag. ## Footnote Is this in A B or C-keyaa?

That's the one who I love. ## Footnote C

# Grammar Question: What two preverbs are added to verbs that don't have a natural endpoint, to indicate that they ended?

ishkwaa- ("stop") giizhi- ("finish")

# Grammar Question: Describe the difference between these two sentences: 1. Dagoshinaan (as soon as I arrive) endaayaan inga-nibaa. 2. Degoshinaan (once I arrived) endaayaan ingii-nibaa.

1 starts in B-keyaa, 2 starts in C-keyaa 1 is in the future, 2 in the past

# Translate! Ishkwaa-anokiiyan... ## Footnote What about "Eshkwaa-anokiiyan..."

As soon as you stop working... ## Footnote Once you stopped working...