Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Praxis > Voice > Flashcards

Voice Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Praxis (5004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies flashcards Praxis (5236) - Biology flashcards Praxis (5005) - Elem. Ed: Science flashcards Praxis (5081) - Social Studies (Content Knowledge) flashcards Praxis (5904) - Elem. Ed: Three Subject Bundle - Social Studies flashcards Praxis (7005) - Elem. Ed: Science flashcards Praxis (5905) - Elem. Ed: Three Subject Bundle Science flashcards Praxis (7004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies flashcards
1
Q

Nasalization

A

communication between the vocal tract and the nasal passageway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypernasality

A

presence of nasal resonance during the production of nonnasal voiced sounds, particularly vowels, and diphthongs.
To assess hypernasality, a completely nonnasal phrase loaded with voiced sounds
is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hyponasality

A

occurs when there is insufficient nasal resonance on nasal sounds due to a blockage in the nasopharynx or nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Denasality

A

e lack of nasal resonance on sounds that should be nasalized and, as such, can occur only on /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/. For evaluation of denasality, a phrase loaded with nasal sounds is ideal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hoarseness

A

combination of breathy
and harsh qualities. It’s caused by
irregular vocal fold vibration,
making the voice sound breathy,
low-pitched, and husky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pitch

A

perception of fundamental frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roughness

A

perception of irregularity of voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Breathiness

A

perception in air escaping voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Strain

A

perception of excessive vocal effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indirect Laryngoscopy

A
  1. examine the larynx and vocal folds
    indirectly, aiding in identifying voice disorders and laryngeal issues.
  2. observes:
    -Vocal Fold Mobility
    -Structural Anomalies
    - Mucosal Wave Action
    -Symmetry and Closure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Direct Laryngoscopy

A
  1. invasive procedure that allows for a close examination of the larynx
    using a laryngoscope, which is inserted through the mouth and into the pharynx under general anesthesia.
  2. Primarily used for detailed inspection, biopsy, and surgical interventions within the larynx.
  3. Observes:
    Structural Assessment
    Biopsy Capability
    Surgical Interventions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flexible or Rigid Endoscopy with Videostroboscopy

A
  • advanced diagnostic procedure combining endoscopy with
    stroboscopic lighting to visualize the vocal folds’ vibratory patterns in slow motion
  • observes:
    Vibratory Patterns
    Vocal Fold Amplitude
    Glottal Closure
    Mucosal Wave
    Lesions or Neoplasms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Jitter

A

tiny, usually unintended changes in
how fast your vocal folds vibrate when you talk or sing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shimmer

A

fluctuation in your voice’s volume: small, often
unintentional changes in how loud your vocal folds make sounds as you talk or
sing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Harshness

A

excessive muscular tension and effort. It occurs when vocal folds are adducted too tightly, producing a rough, unpleasant, and “gravelly” sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cul De Sac Resonance

A

resonance disorder that occurs when sound becomes trapped in a cavity, such as the throat, nose, or mouth, and is unable to exit. This is usually due to an obstruction in the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY

A

Males: 100-150 Hz
Average 125 Hz
Females: 180-250 Hz
Average 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MAXIMUM PHONATION TIME

A

Max time a tone can be sustained on a single breath
Males: 20 seconds
Females: 15 seconds
Children: 10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S:Z RATIO

A

Should be 1.0
How long a patient
can hold out /s/ v.s. /z/
Above 1.4 is indicative of pathology

20
Q

Vocal Nodules

A
  1. Small nodes that develop on the superficial layer of the lamina propria
  2. Cause: vocal abuse or misuse
  3. TX: Behavioral voice therapy
21
Q

Vocal Polyps

A
  1. Masses that grow and bulge from surrounding tissue in the middle 1/3rd of the superficial lamina propria.
  2. Cause: Traumatic use of the vocal folds
  3. TX: Vocal rest and change in vocal habits
22
Q

Cysts

A
  1. Unilateral, benign and filled with mucus like fluid cyst on the
    membranous portion of the vocal folds
  2. Cause: Vocal misuse or abuse
  3. TX: Surgical intervention is usually most effective
23
Q

Granulomas

A
  1. Localized, inflammatory, vascular lesion on the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages
  2. Cause: Vocal strain, intubation, injury to the larynx & Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
  3. TX: Surgery, voice therapy or both
24
Q

Contact Ulcers

A
  1. Sores or crater-like area of ulcerated, granulated tissue that
    develops (usually bilaterally) along the posterior third of the
    glottal margin
  2. Cause: Constant low pitch phonation, GERD, intubation
  3. Medical treatment (to fix
    GERD) & voice therapy
25
Q

Vocal Fold Thickening

A
  1. Vocal folds thicken along the anterior two-thirds of the glottal
    margin
  2. Cause: Vocal misuse or abuse
  3. Tx: Change in vocal habits
26
Q

Traumatic Laryngitis

A
  1. Vocal folds become swollen causing the voice to be hoarse and
    low pitched with pitch breaks
  2. Cause: Vocal misuse or abuse
  3. Tx: Vocal rest and change in vocal habits
27
Q

Hemangioma

A
  1. Similar to granulomas but are soft, pliable and filled with blood
  2. Cause: Acquired: posterior glottal area creating hoarse vocal quality
    Congenial: subglottic region creating stridor
  3. Tx: Surgical intervention followed up by voice therapy
28
Q

Reinke’s Edema

A
  1. Fluid builds up in the superficial lamina propria causing swelling
  2. Cause: Continuous vocal abuse, exposure to cigarette smoke &
    Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
  3. Tx: Reduction or elimination of
    exposure to toxins and
    irritants
29
Q

Varices

A
  1. Distended and prominent veins usually at the mid portion of the
    superficial lamina propria
  2. Cause: Phonotrauma
  3. Tx: Vocal rest & vocal hygine
    education
30
Q

Vocal Fold Hemorrhage

A
  1. Blood vessels burst within the vocal folds. Depending on the
    severity of the bleeding, the voice can sound hoarse and can
    range from mildly dysphonic to aphonic.
  2. Cause: Phonotrauma
  3. Tx: After hemorrhage is healed, remaining vocal issues can be treated through vocal fold augmentation
31
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

1.Rough, pinkish lesion that can appear in the oral cavity, larynx or
pharynx. May involve the epithelial cover as well as the
superficial layer of lamina propria
2. Cause: Tissue irritation, smoking, GERD or vocal abuse
3. Tx: Eliminating irritants, ablative
surgery and/or voice therapy

32
Q

Leukoplakia

A
  1. Benign growths of thick whitish patches on the surface of the
    membrane of the mucosa
  2. Cause: Tissue irritation by smoking, alcohol or vocal abuse
  3. Tx: Combination of eliminating irritants, surgery and voice therapy
33
Q

Laryngomalacia

A
  1. Soft ‘floppy’ laryngeal cartilage. Most common cause of stridor in
    infants
  2. Cause: The epiglottis is very soft a pliable due to abnormal development so
    when the child breathes, the epiglottis resists the airstream
  3. Tx: Usually resolves
    spontaneously. More severe
    cases may require surgery
34
Q

Subglottal stenosis

A
  1. Narrowing of the subglottic space
  2. Cause:
    Congenital: arrested development
    of the conus elasticus or interruption of the cricoid cartilage during embryological development
    Acquired: endotracheal intubation
  3. Tx: Surgery and vocal
    intervention
35
Q

Papiloma

A
  1. Wart-like growths that are pink, white, or both and may be found
    anywhere in the airway. Can cause hoarseness, breathiness and
    low pitch
  2. Cause: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
  3. Tx: Multiple surgeries followed by voice therapy
36
Q

Laryngeal Web

A
  1. A membrane that grows across the anterior portion of the glottis.
    Will cause difficulty breathing and inspiratory stridor
  2. Cause: Congenital: present at birth
    Acquired: due to trauma to the inner edges of the vocal folds
  3. TX: Congenital: immediate
    surgery followed by
    tracheotomy
    Acquired: surgery to remove
    the web followed by voice
    therapy
37
Q

Sulcus Vocalis

A
  1. Thinning and bowing of the superficial lamina propria of the vocal folds. Can be unilateral or bilateral
  2. Cause: Unknown
  3. Tx: Surgical augmentation using
    fats or fascia
38
Q

Ankylosis

A
  1. Stiffening of the joints. The movement of the arytenoid is
    restricted because of a bone-joint disease
  2. Cause: Arthritis or cancer
  3. Tx: Treat the cause first
39
Q

Structural Voice Disorder

A
  • physical changes of vocal mechanism
  • ie cysts, growths, laryngeal trauma, ulcers, lesions, edema, laryngitis, glottal stenosis
40
Q

Neurogenic Voice Disorder

A
  • innervation to structures is impaired/damaged
    ie Spasmodic Dysphonia, PD, MG, ALS, vocal tremor
41
Q

Functional Vocal Misuse

A
  • normal structure, improper use/misuse
    ie muscle tension dysphonia, vocal fatigue, diplophonia
42
Q

Psychogenic Voice Disorder

A
  • normal structure, psychological cause
    ie conversion dysphonia, conversion aphonia, puberphonia
43
Q

Aryepiglottic Folds

A

acts as a sphincter for the laryngeal inlet, preventing food or liquid from entering the lower respiratory tract

44
Q

Cover Body theory of Phonation

A

cover-body theory of phonation states that the epithelium and the superficial, inter-
mediate, and deep layers of the lamina propria vibrate as a”cover” on a relatively stationary “body” This bodyis composed ofthe remainder of the TA muscle.

45
Q

PVFM (Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion)

A

also known as vocal cord dysfunction or laryngospasms, is a voice disorder that causes breathing difficulties when the vocal cords close instead of opening during inhalation.

Praxis (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions