Language Development Flashcards
Phoneme
smallest unit of sound
Morpheme
smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning
Grapheme
Correspondence between letters of the alphabet and the sounds they represent (written letter)
Allograph
Different letters and letter combinations that can be used to represent the same sounds in a specific language (ex: hate
and steak)
Digraph
Single sound or phoneme represented by two letters (ex: CH, SH, TH)
Allophone
Variation of a phoneme. Co-articulation affects allophonic variation (how surrounding phonemes affect target phonemes … ex: keep vs coup)
Semantics
the study of meaning in language
Phonology
study of speech sounds of a language or languages, and the laws governing them
Morphology
the study of words and their parts
Syntax
arrangement of words and phrases in a specific order
Pragmatics
the way people use language
12 Month Milestone
- 1 word
- Average: 2-6 words
18 Month Milestone
- 20 words
- Average: 50 words
2 Year Milestone
- 100 words
- Average: 200-300 words & combining 2 words
3 Year Milestone
- 300 words
- Average: 1000 words & combining 3 words
4 Year Milestone
- 900 words
- Average: 2000+ words
& combining 5+ words
Agent + Action
Daddy eat/ Mommy drive
Action + Object
Eat cookie | Throw ball
Agent + Object
Daddy shoe | Grandma hat
Attribute + Entity
Big doggie | Pretty lady
Possessor + Possession
Daddy car | Baby bottle
Recurrence
More juice | More cookie
Nonexistence
No bed | All gone milk
Demonstrative + Entity
This cup | That doggie
Entity + Location
Daddy chair | Toy floor
Action + Location
Go home | Sit horsey
Passive Sentence
- The subject receives the
action of the verb - Rachel was driven to the
Praxis by Jeff.
Active Sentence
- The subject performs the
action of the verb - The sad girl studied for the
Praxis.
Interrogative Sentence
A question, did you pass the praxis?
Declarative Sentence
Makes a statement
- I hate studying for the Praxis.
Imperative Sentence
- Makes a command
- Put my Praxis book in the
trash
Exclamatory Sentence
- Expresses strong feeling
- I passed the Praxis!
Parallel Play
Children play side-by-side with
similar toys but do not interact with each other. They are aware of each other’s presence and may mimic each other’s actions, but their play is independent.
Associative Play
form of play where children are
more interested in each other than the toys themselves. They start to interact, share toys, and
communicate, but there’s not much organization to their activities.
Collaborative (Cooperative) Play
Involves children working together
towards a common goal, often
involving roles, rules, and organized games or scenarios. It’s a sign of growing social skills and the ability to cooperate and compromise with others.
