Cleft/Dentition Flashcards
Genetic Abnormality
(something
wrong with
the genes)
- Autosomal Dominant
inheritance in some
syndromes. - Recessive genetic
inheritance in some
syndromes. - X linked
inheritance in some
syndromes. Chromosomal
abnormalities
Environmental Factors (outside of uterus)
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Illegal drug use
- Side effects of some
prescription drugs - Rubella
Mechanical Factors (things that
happen inside the uterus)
- Intrauterine crowding
- Twinning
- Uterine Tumor
- Amniotic Ruptures
Class I Malocclusion
- An overlap of upper teeth
over the lower teeth. - Due to prolonged
bottle use or thumb
sucking in childhood.
Doesn’t affect your bite
that much and can be fixed
with minor malocclusion
treatment.
Class II Malocclusion
- Overbite
- The upper teeth stick out
over lower teeth. - Severe enough to affect
your bite significantly. It
needs early orthodontic
intervention.
Class III Malocclusion
Type of underbite where
the lower teeth stick out
over the upper teeth.
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
(VPI)
- abnormal structure
- Structural defects resulting in
insufficient tissue to accomplish closure. Needs surgery - Cleft palate, Down syndrome, large tonsils, can develop after surgery to remove the adenoids, glands in the roof of the mouth that sometimes have to be removed if they grow too large or brain injury caused by a stroke
Velopharyngeal Incompetence
- abnormal movement
- inadequate movement
of the velopharyngeal
structures is usually due to a
neurological disorder or
injury (as in cerebral palsy
or traumatic brain injury)
Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM)
- 1 week - 3 months
- Gradually brings the lip and
palate together, improving
nasal symmetry
Cleft Lip Repair
- 3 to 6 months
- Repairs the separation of
the lip, realigns lip muscles,
and often includes primary
nasal repair.
- First surgical step
Cleft Palate Repair (Palatoplasty)
- 9 to 18 months
- Repairs the roof of the mouth, allowing for normal eating, speaking, and swallowing. It
involves closing the palate in layers and realigning the palatal muscles
Alveolar Bone Graft and Fistula
Repair
- 6 to 9 years
- Creates a complete dental arch and closes any fistulas (openings) between the gum and nose.
Palatal Expansion
- 5 to 7 years
- Prepares the child for subsequent bone grafting by widening the palate.
Complete Cleft Lip
Extends from the lip to the nose.
Incomplete Cleft Lip
Does not reach the nose.
Unilateral Cleft Lip
Occurs on one side of the lip.
Bilateral
Occurs on both sides of the lip.
Unilateral Alveolar Cleft
Affects one side of the alveolar ridge.
Bilateral Alveolar Cleft
Affects both sides of the alveolar ridge.
Median Alveolar Cleft
Occurs centrally on the alveolar ridge.
Submucous Alveolar Cleft
Bone or muscle does not fuse, but covered by mucosa.
Soft Palate Cleft
Affects the muscular back part of the palate.
Hard Palate Cleft
Affects the bony front part of the palate.
Submucous Cleft
Covered by mucosa, affecting either soft or hard palate.
Pharyngeal Flap
- Secondary palatal
surgery to reduce
hypernasality. - A muscular flap from the posterior pharyngeal wall is raised and attached to the velum.
Pharyngoplasty
- Procedure to help close
the velopharyngeal port. - Implantation/injection of materials like Teflon, silicone, dacron wool/silicone gel bag, or cartilage into the posterior pharyngeal wall.
