Speech Sound Disorders/Development Flashcards
Addition Errors
Adding sounds
or syllables to
words that
don’t belong
there
- “puh-lay” instead of “play”
Distortion Errors
Changing a
sound, which
might seem
like a lisp
- when “s” sounds like “th”
Omission Errors
Leaving certain
sounds out of
their speech altogether
- never using “sc” in “school
or “scratch”
Substitution Errors
Always substituting
one sound for another
- using “s” instead of “th” or
“w” in place of “r”
Traditional Intervention
requires the client to learn how to place their articulators for the specific sound, practicing in isolation and sentences
Motor Kinesthetic
emphasizes development of correct movement patterns and requires the clinician to manipulate the articulators to facilitate sound production
Distinctive Features
based on the theory that speech sounds can. be defined in terms of articulatory patterns and acoustic properties
Cycles Approach
intended for children with highly unintelligible speech
1. REVIEW
The target words
used in the previous
session are reviewed
2. AUDITORY
BOMBARDMENT
For 1-2 minutes, the
therapist reads words
that contain the target
pattern for the current
session.
3. TARGET WORDS
The child is given an activity
to introduce the 3-6 words
that will be used during the
session and repeats the
words after they are
modeled by the therapist.
4. AUDITORY BOMBARDMENT Part 2 For 1-2 minutes, the
therapist reads words
that contain the target
pattern for the current
session.
5. PROBE
Therapist asks the child to
say a list of words that contain
the target pattern for the next
session. This will determine the
target sounds for the next
session (whichever sound is
easiest for the child will be
targeted)
6. PLAY
While playing games, the
child takes turns practicing
the target words while the
therapist provides correct
models and tactile cues. The
child should achieve 100%
accuracy during this step.
Early 13
- 2 to 3 years, 11 months
- b, d, m, h, p, k, n, g, w, f, t, ŋ, j
Middle 7
- 4 to 4 years, 11 months
- v, l, s, z, dʒ, ʃ, tʃ
Late 4
- 5 to 6 years 11 months
- ʒ, ð, ɹ, θ
Phonation Stage
- Birth to 1 month
- Mostly reflexive sounds like
crying; occasional nonreflexive sounds like soft vowels.
Cooing or Gooing
Stage
- 2 to 4 months
- Productions mainly sound like
/u/; includes velar sounds
similar to ‘k’ and ‘g’.
Expansion Stage
- 4 to 6 months
- Exploring speech through
varied sounds like growls and
squeals, and simple syllables.
Canonical or Reduplicated
Babbling Stage
- 6-8 months
- Repeats strings of syllables
(e.g., mamamama) mirroring
the rhythm of adult speech
