Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

“Thinking portion” of brain; most complex cognitive functions

Question 2

Brainstem

Answer 2

Automatic reflexes/vegetative functions (eg. breathing, heart rate)

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

Voluntary movements, balance, coordination, posture, attention

Question 4

Medulla

Answer 4

connects spinal cord to brainstem, regulates vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood
pressure

Question 5

Pons

Answer 5

attachment between cerebellum and rest of central nervous system

Question 6

Midbrain

Answer 6

houses substantial nigra (production of dopamine)
-connect brainstem and
cerebellum, contains nuclei for cranial nerves

Question 7

Basal Ganglia

Answer 7

Planning and modulation of movement, memory, eye
movements, reward processing, motivation

Question 8

Spinal Cord

Answer 8

allows afferent impulses to transmit to brain & efferent from brain to body

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

relay center for sensory and motor signals

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

homeostasis, regulates hunger/thirst, pain/pleasure, anger/aggression

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

responsible for new memories, emotions, and spatial navigation

Question 12

Amygdala

Answer 12

responsible for motions, arousal and motivation

Question 13

Herschl’s Gyrus

Answer 13

auditory processing

Question 14

Angular Gyrus

Answer 14

involved in semantic processing, language and cognition

Question 15

Frontal Lobe

Answer 15

language production, cognitive functions and voluntary movement, executive function

Question 16

Parietal Lobe

Answer 16

sensation, touch, smell, taste and hearing

Question 17

Temporal Lobe

Answer 17

language comprehension and memory

Question 18

Brain Stem

Answer 18

breathing, temperature and heart rate

Question 19

Occipital Lobe

Answer 19

vision and visual processing

Question 20

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 20

Blood supply to frontal & parietal lobes, basal ganglia and corpus callosum
Stroke - opposite leg weakness

Question 21

Middle Cerebral Artery

Answer 21

Largest branch of internal carotid
- Supplies blood to broca & wernicke areas, temporal lobe and primary motor cortex
** Most often occluded in stroke

Question 22

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 22

Stem from basilar artery (in most people)
Blood supply to occipital lobes, cerebellum and inferior temporal

Question 23

Sensory/Afferent
Neurons

Answer 23

Afferent neurons are
neurons whose axons
travel towards a
central point

Question 24

Motor/Efferent
Neurons

Answer 24

Effernt neurons are
neurons whose axons
travel away from a
central point

Question 25

Electroencephalograph

Answer 25

recording of the brain's electoral activity at the surface of the skull

Question 26

Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

Answer 26

scanning technique using multiple Xrays to construct three-dimensional images

Question 27

Positron emission tomography (PET Scan)

Answer 27

imaging technique that measures consumption of glucose-like molecules, yielding a picture of neural activity in different regions of the brain

Question 28

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 28

imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body

Question 29

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 29

measures the small changes in blood flow that occur with brain activity (function of the brain)

Question 30

Thrombotic Stroke

Answer 30

ISCHEMIC - When a blood clot (thrombus) forms within an artery supplying blood to the brain. The clot narrows the artery and disrupts blood flow, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients for the brain cells

Question 31

Embolic Stroke

Answer 31

ISCHEMIC - Caused by a blood clot or other debris (embolus) that forms elsewhere in the body, then travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a smaller artery within the brain. This blockage prevents blood flow to the brain cells.

Question 32

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 32

Occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain ruptures and leaks blood into the surrounding brain tissue. This type of stroke can be caused by conditions such as high blood pressure or aneurysms.

Question 33

Diencephalon

Answer 33

contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus; relays sensory information to cerebral cortex, regulates autonomic functions, and produces hormones