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Praxis > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Cerebrum

A

“Thinking portion” of brain; most complex cognitive functions

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2
Q

Brainstem

A

Automatic reflexes/vegetative functions (eg. breathing, heart rate)

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3
Q

Cerebellum

A

Voluntary movements, balance, coordination, posture, attention

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4
Q

Medulla

A

connects spinal cord to brainstem, regulates vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood
pressure

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5
Q

Pons

A

attachment between cerebellum and rest of central nervous system

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6
Q

Midbrain

A

houses substantial nigra (production of dopamine)
-connect brainstem and
cerebellum, contains nuclei for cranial nerves

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7
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Planning and modulation of movement, memory, eye
movements, reward processing, motivation

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8
Q

Spinal Cord

A

allows afferent impulses to transmit to brain & efferent from brain to body

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9
Q

Thalamus

A

relay center for sensory and motor signals

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

homeostasis, regulates hunger/thirst, pain/pleasure, anger/aggression

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11
Q

Hippocampus

A

responsible for new memories, emotions, and spatial navigation

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12
Q

Amygdala

A

responsible for motions, arousal and motivation

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13
Q

Herschl’s Gyrus

A

auditory processing

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14
Q

Angular Gyrus

A

involved in semantic processing, language and cognition

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15
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

language production, cognitive functions and voluntary movement, executive function

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16
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

sensation, touch, smell, taste and hearing

17
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

language comprehension and memory

18
Q

Brain Stem

A

breathing, temperature and heart rate

19
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

vision and visual processing

20
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery

A

Blood supply to frontal & parietal lobes, basal ganglia and corpus callosum
Stroke - opposite leg weakness

21
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery

A

Largest branch of internal carotid
- Supplies blood to broca & wernicke areas, temporal lobe and primary motor cortex
** Most often occluded in stroke

22
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery

A

Stem from basilar artery (in most people)
Blood supply to occipital lobes, cerebellum and inferior temporal

23
Q

Sensory/Afferent
Neurons

A

Afferent neurons are
neurons whose axons
travel towards a
central point

24
Q

Motor/Efferent
Neurons

A

Effernt neurons are
neurons whose axons
travel away from a
central point

25
Q

Electroencephalograph

A

recording of the
brain’s electoral
activity at the
surface of the
skull

26
Q

Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

A

scanning technique
using multiple Xrays to construct
three-dimensional
images

27
Q

Positron emission
tomography (PET Scan)

A

imaging technique
that measures consumption of
glucose-like molecules, yielding a picture of neural activity in different regions of the brain

28
Q

Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)

A

imaging technique that
uses a magnetic field and
computer-generated radio
waves to create detailed
images of the organs and
tissues in your body

29
Q

Functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

measures the small
changes in blood flow
that occur with brain
activity (function of the
brain)

30
Q

Thrombotic Stroke

A

ISCHEMIC - When a blood clot (thrombus) forms within an artery
supplying blood to the brain. The clot narrows the artery and
disrupts blood flow, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients for
the brain cells

31
Q

Embolic Stroke

A

ISCHEMIC - Caused by a blood clot or other debris (embolus) that forms elsewhere in the body, then travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a smaller artery within the brain. This blockage prevents blood flow to the brain cells.

32
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

Occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain
ruptures and leaks blood into the surrounding brain tissue. This
type of stroke can be caused by conditions such as high blood
pressure or aneurysms.

33
Q

Diencephalon

A

contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus; relays sensory information to cerebral cortex,
regulates autonomic functions, and produces hormones

Praxis (37 decks)

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