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Praxis > Audiology > Flashcards

Audiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Outer Ear

A
  • Acoustic Process
  • Pinna (sound localization)
  • External auditory meatus
  • Terminates at tympanic membrane (eardrum)
  • Cerumen (ear wax) protects ears from foreign items
    Function: amplifier, resonator
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2
Q

Middle Ear

A
  • Mechanical Process
  • Tympanic Membrane
    – 3 layers: epidermal, fibrous, and membranous
  • Ossicular chain - malleus, incus, stapes (miso!)
  • Middle ear muscles
    1. Stapedius
    2. Tensor Tympani
    Eustachian tube opens to equalize pressure
    Function: conduction, protection
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3
Q

Inner Ear

A
  • Hydromechanical & chemical process
  • Cochlea, temporal bone
  • Basilar membrane
  • Organ of Corti
    Outer Hair Cells - 12k
    Innre Hair Cells - 3500
    Function: converts mechanical sound waves to electrical activity and neural impulses
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4
Q

Audiometry

A

testing that measures the range and sensitivity of an individual’s hearing

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5
Q

Pure Tone Testing

A
  1. Sounds go through middle & outer ear
  2. Frequencies tested: 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz
    Used via headphones or external
    Response modes: hand raise, button
    Threshold: use method down 10 dB, up 5 dB
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6
Q

Bone Conduction Testing

A
  1. Tonal stimuli: sound through bone vibration direct to cochlea/ inner ear
    Frequencies tested: 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz
    Presentation: bone oscillator behind the ear instead of headphones
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7
Q

Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

A
  1. Used with children who cant complete normal hearing screening or if hearing loss suspected in brain
  2. Electrodes placed on head, record brain activity in response to sound
    Pass or fail for newborns
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8
Q

Audiogram

A
  • Graphic display of hearing test
  • Identifies type, degree, and configuration of hearing loss
    Frequency range : 125 - 8000 Hz
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9
Q

Otoacoustic Emissions

A
  • Used to determine hair cell function
  • Earphone/probe inserted into ear, OAE record response to that sound by vibration
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10
Q

Carhart’s Notch

A

dip in audiogram at 2000 Hz due to stapes fixation

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11
Q

Pure Tone Average

A
  • Average of 500, 1000, and 200 Hz thresholds
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12
Q

Type of Hearing Loss

A

identifies the site of damage of the auditory system

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13
Q

Degree of Hearing Loss

A

refers to the severity of hearing loss (normal, slight, mild, moderate, mod-severe, severe, profound)

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14
Q

Configuration of Hearing Loss

A

refers to the extent & pattern of loss across frequencies (flat, rising, sloping, high freq, precipitous)

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15
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A
  • outer and middle ear
  • air bone gap greater than 10 dB
  • sounds cannot get through outer and middle ear
    characteristics:
    Muffled hearing, ear pain,
    discharge
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16
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A
  • Inner ear and/or CN VIII
  • Air & bone thresholds are equal
  • Both display a hearing loss
    Characteristics:
    Difficulty hearing, tinnitus,
    dizziness
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17
Q

Degrees of Hearing Loss

A
  • Normal 10-15 dB
  • Slight 16 - 25 dB
  • Mild 26 - 40 dB
  • Moderate 41 - 55 dB
  • Moderate - Severe 56 - 70 dB
  • Severe - 71-90 dB
  • Profound 91+ dB
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18
Q

Flat Configuration

A

AC thresholds within 20 dB of each other

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19
Q

Rising Configuration

A

AC thresholds for low frequencies at least 20 dB poorer than for high frequencies

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20
Q

Sloping Configuration

A

AC thresholds for high frequencies at least 20 dB poorer than for low frequencies

21
Q

Low Frequency Config

A

hearing loss only found in the low frequencies

22
Q

High Frequency Config

A

hearing loss only found in the high frequencies

23
Q

Precipitous

A

high frequency thresholds worsen by at least 20 dB per octave

24
Q

Tympanometry

A

measurement of eardrum immittance as a function of air pressure in the canal
soft rubber tip is inserted into the ear canal, changing the pressure

25
Q

Static Admittance

A

admittance of middle ear system (mobility); height of peak

26
Q

Tympanic Peak Pressure

A

the point at which air pressure is equal on either side of the tympanic membrane

27
Q

Tympanic Width

A

describes the steepness and shape of the slope of the tympanogram, near the peak

28
Q

Canal Volume

A

estimates volume of the air medial to the probe

29
Q

Type A Tympanogram

A

Normal

30
Q

Type As

A
  • shallow compliance
  • reduced peak height, normal pressure
  • indicates: middle ear fluid, osteosclerosis
31
Q

Type AD

A
  • deep compliance
  • greater than normal peak height, normal pressure
  • indicates: ossicular disarticulation, TM Scaring
32
Q

Type B

A
  • flat (no pressure or compliance)
  • no peak
  • indicates: middle ear effusion, perforated TM, cerumen occlusion
33
Q

Type C

A
  • negative pressure
  • indicates: eustachian tube dysfunction, negative pressure
34
Q

Cookie Bite Hearing Loss

A

Rare type of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that affects the ability to hear mid-range frequencies, between 500–2,000 Hz. It’s named for the U-shaped shape of the audiogram results

35
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of noise or ringing
in the ears without an
external source

36
Q

Ear Infections
(Otitis Media)

A

Inflammation or infection of
the middle ear

37
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal bone growth in the
middle ear causing
conductive hearing loss

38
Q

Pinna (Auricle)

A

Collects and directs
sound waves into the
ear canal

39
Q

External Auditory
Canal

A

Transmits sound
waves from the pinna
to the tympanic
membrane

40
Q

Tympanic Membrane
(Eardrum)

A

Vibrates in response
to sound waves,
transmits vibrations to
ossicles

41
Q

Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes)

A

Transmit and amplify
vibrations from the
tympanic membrane
to the oval window

42
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

43
Q

Oval Window

A

Transmits vibrations
from the stapes to the
fluid in the cochlea

44
Q

Round Window

A

Allows movement of fluid within the cochlea, aids in pressure relief

45
Q

Cochlea

A

Converts sound vibrations into neural signals

46
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

Supports the organ of Corti, separates scala media from scala tympani

47
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Contains hair cells that transduce mechanical sound vibrations into neural signals

48
Q
A

Praxis (37 decks)

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