Vocabulary Quiz 9

Question 1

A neurotransmitter liberated by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons. It is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory at some other synapses

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

A nerve fiber of the autonomic nervous system that releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and, in some areas, dopamine. Most postganglionicsympathetic nerve fibers are of this type

Answer 2

Adrenergic Fibers

Question 3

A type of receptor for norepinephrine and prinephrine; present on visceral effectors innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Answer 3

Alpha Receptors

Question 4

Visceral sensory and visceral motor neurons. Autonomic motor neurons, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, conduct nerve impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. So named because this part of the nervous system was thought to be selfgoverning or spontaneous

Answer 4

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 5

A type of adrenergic receptor for epinephrine and norepinephrine; found on visceral effectors innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Answer 5

Beta Receptors

Question 6

A nerve fiber of the autonomic nervous system that releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Includes all preganglionic fibers, allpostganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands, and efferent fibers innervating skeletal muscle.

Answer 6

Cholinergic Fibers

Question 7

The effects produced upon stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. First of three stages of the stress response

Answer 7

Fight or Flight Response

Question 8

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

Answer 8

Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

The formation of glycogen from sugar

Answer 9

Glycogenesis

Question 10

The process by which the glycogen present in the liver is transformed into glucose, to be released into the blood

Answer 10

Glycogenolysis

Question 11

The metabolic formation of fat

Answer 11

Lipogenesis

Question 12

The breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids

Answer 12

Lipolysis

Question 13

Receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine found on all effectors innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic axonsand on sweat glands innervated by cholinergic sympathetic postganglionic axons; so named because muscarine activates these receptors but does not activate nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine

Answer 13

Muscarinic Receptors

Question 14

Receptor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine found on both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons and on skeletal muscle in the motor end plare; so named because nicotine activates these receptors but does not activate muscarinic receptors for acetylcholine

Answer 14

Nicotinic Receptors

Question 15

A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that produces actions similar to those that result from sympathetic stimulation. Also called noradrenaline

Answer 15

Norepinephrine

Question 16

One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in nuclei in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horn of the sacral portion of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with activities that conserve and restore body energy. Also known as the craniosacral division

Answer 16

Parasympathetic Division

Question 17

The second autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, having its cell body and dendrites located in an autonomic ganglion and its unmyelinated axon ending at cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or a gland

Answer 17

Postganglionic Neuron

Question 18

The first autonomic motor neuron in an autonomic pathway, with its cell body and dendrites in the brain or spinal cord and its myelinated axon ending at an autonomic ganglion, where it synapses with a postganglionic neuron

Answer 18

Preganglionic Neuron

Question 19

A cluster of cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons anterior to the spinal column and close to large abdominal arteries. Also called a collateral ganglion

Answer 19

Prevertebral Ganglion

Question 20

One of the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in the lateral gray columns of the thoracic segment and the first two or three lumbar segment of the spinal cord; primarily concerned with processes involving the expenditure of energy. Also called the thoracolumbar division

Answer 20

Sympathetic Division

Question 21

A cluster of cell bodies of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons either lying very close to the visceral effectors or located within the walls of the visceral effectors supplied by the postganglionic neurons. Also called intramural ganglion

Answer 21

Terminal Ganglion

Question 22

Any of a group of sympathetic ganglia which form two chains extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx along the sides of the spinal column

Answer 22

Vertebral Chain Ganglion

Answer 23

Visceral Effectors