Vocabulary Quiz 10 Flashcards
A disease characterized by progressive anemia, low blood pressure, great weakness, and bronze discoloration of the skin. It is caused by inadequate secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex
Addison’s Disease
A mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys and potassium excretion in urine
Aldosterone
A hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that can lower the amount of blood calcium and phosphates by inhibiting bone resorption (breakdown of the bone extracellular matrix) and by accelerating uptake of calcium and phosphates into bone matrix
Calcitonin
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy agent
Cortisol/Cortisone
A condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (congenital hypothyroidism) usually due to maternal hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Condition caused by a hypersecretion of glucocorticoids characterized by spindly legs, ‘moon face’, ‘buffalo hump’, pendulous abdomen, flushed facial skin, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, hypertension, and increased susceptibility to disease
Cushing’s Syndrome
A cyclic mononucleotide of adenosine that is formed from ATP and is responsible for the intracellular mediation of hormonal effects on various cellular processes
Cyclic AMP
An endocrine disorder caused by an inability to produce or use insulin. It is characterized by the three ‘polys’ : polyuria (excessive urine production), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excess eating)
Diabetes Mellitus
Phenomenon in which there is a decrease in the number of receptors in response to an excess of a hormone or neurotransmitter
Down-Regulation
A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets that increases blood glucose levels
Glucagon
An excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia
Deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream
Hypoglycemia
A hormone produced by the beta cells of a pancreatic islet that decreases the blood glucose level
Insulin
Swelling of the skin and underlying tissues giving a waxy consistency, typical of patients with underactive thyroid glands
Myxedema
A hormone that is made by the parathyroid glands and is critical to maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance
Parathormone
A gland next to the thyroid that secretes a hormone (parathyroid hormone) that regulates calcium levels in a person’s body
Parathyroid
A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency. Also called struma.
Simple Goiter
Any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins
Steroids
Of or relating to the largest cartilage of the larynx, forming theprojection known in humans as the Adam’s apple
Thyroid
An increase in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells more sensitive to a hormone or another agent. For example, there is an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors in the third trimester of pregnancy, promoting the contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus
Up-Regulation
