Vocabulary Quiz 10

Question 1

A disease characterized by progressive anemia, low blood pressure, great weakness, and bronze discoloration of the skin. It is caused by inadequate secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex

Answer 1

Addison’s Disease

Question 2

A mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys and potassium excretion in urine

Answer 2

Aldosterone

Question 3

A hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that can lower the amount of blood calcium and phosphates by inhibiting bone resorption (breakdown of the bone extracellular matrix) and by accelerating uptake of calcium and phosphates into bone matrix

Answer 3

Calcitonin

Question 4

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy agent

Answer 4

Cortisol/Cortisone

Question 5

A condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (congenital hypothyroidism) usually due to maternal hypothyroidism

Answer 5

Cretinism

Question 6

Condition caused by a hypersecretion of glucocorticoids characterized by spindly legs, ‘moon face’, ‘buffalo hump’, pendulous abdomen, flushed facial skin, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, hypertension, and increased susceptibility to disease

Answer 6

Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 7

A cyclic mononucleotide of adenosine that is formed from ATP and is responsible for the intracellular mediation of hormonal effects on various cellular processes

Answer 7

Cyclic AMP

Question 8

An endocrine disorder caused by an inability to produce or use insulin. It is characterized by the three ‘polys’ : polyuria (excessive urine production), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excess eating)

Answer 8

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 9

Phenomenon in which there is a decrease in the number of receptors in response to an excess of a hormone or neurotransmitter

Answer 9

Down-Regulation

Question 10

A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets that increases blood glucose levels

Answer 10

Glucagon

Question 11

An excess of glucose in the bloodstream, often associated with diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

Hyperglycemia

Question 12

Deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream

Answer 12

Hypoglycemia

Question 13

A hormone produced by the beta cells of a pancreatic islet that decreases the blood glucose level

Answer 13

Insulin

Question 14

Swelling of the skin and underlying tissues giving a waxy consistency, typical of patients with underactive thyroid glands

Answer 14

Myxedema

Question 15

A hormone that is made by the parathyroid glands and is critical to maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance

Answer 15

Parathormone

Question 16

A gland next to the thyroid that secretes a hormone (parathyroid hormone) that regulates calcium levels in a person’s body

Answer 16

Parathyroid

Question 17

A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency. Also called struma.

Answer 17

Simple Goiter

Question 18

Any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins

Answer 18

Steroids

Question 19

Of or relating to the largest cartilage of the larynx, forming theprojection known in humans as the Adam’s apple

Answer 19

Thyroid

Question 20

An increase in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells more sensitive to a hormone or another agent. For example, there is an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors in the third trimester of pregnancy, promoting the contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus

Answer 20

Up-Regulation