Test 4: Chapter 13 Flashcards
A small bundle or cluster, especially of nerve or muscle fibers
Fascicle
Polio is another word for this. Caused by a virus called poliovirus
Poliomyelitis
The constriction of the pupils that occur when a bright light is flashed in the eye is a protective response
Pupillary Light Reflex
One of the thirty one pairs of nerves that originate on the spinal cord from posterior and anterior roots
Spinal Nerve
Corresponds with the attachments of the large nerves which supply the upper limbs. It extends from about the third cervical to the second thoracic vertebra, its maximum circumference (about 38 mm.) being on a level with the attachment of the sixth pair of cervical nerves
Cervical Enlargement
The structure compsed of axons of motor neurons that emerges from the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and extends laterally to join a posterior root, forming a spinal nerve
Anterior Root
Area where axons cross from one side of spinal cord to the other
Anterior White Commisure
The cutaneous area developed from one embryonic spinal cord segment and receiving most of its sensory innervation from one spinal nerve. An instrument for incising the skin or cutting thin transplants of skin
Dermatome
A network formed by nerve axons from the anterior rami of the first four cervical nerves and receiving gray rami communicantes from the superior cervical ganglion
Cervical Plexus
A network of nerves, veins, or lymphatic vessels
Plexuses
A space between the spinal dura matter and the vertebral canal, containing areolar connective tissue and a plexus of veins
Epidural Space
A microscopic tube running the length of the spinal cord in the gray commissure. A circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon of mature compact bone, containing blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves.
Central Canal
The inntermost of the three meninges (coverings) of the brain and spinal cord
Pia Mater
Paralysis of four limbs: two upper and two lower
Quadriplegia
A space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates
Subarachnoid Space
A network of nerve axons of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. The nerves that emerge from this supply the upper limb
Brachial Plexus
A network formed by the anterior branches of spinal nerves L1 through L4
Lumbar Plexus
Deeper groove that separates the right and left portions of the anterior white matter
Anterior Median Fissure
Injection of anesthetic drug in the epidural space to cause temporary loss of sensation
Epidural Block
Innervation so that the contraction of a muscle or set of muscles is accompanied by the simultaneous inhibition of an antagonistic muscle or set of muscles
Reciprocal Innervation
A shallow vertical groove dividing the spinal cord throughout its whole length in the midline posteriorly
Posterior Median Sulcus
Motor response is on the opposite side as the sensory input
Contralateral Reflex Arc
A group of cell bodies of sensory neurons and their supporting cells located along the posterior root of a spinal nerve
Posterior Root Ganglion
Flexion of ankle, knee, and hip when the foot is painfully stimulated; the crossed extension reflex occurs in association with it
Flexor Reflex
A partial transection of the cord on either the right of left side
Hemisection
An area of gray matter (anterior, lateral, or posterior) in the spinal cord
Horns
The procedure of taking fluid from the spine in the lower back through a hollow needle, usually done for diagnostic purposes
Spinal Tap (Lumber Puncture)
No interneuron involved
When a reflex arc consists of only two neurons
Monosynaptic Reflex Arc
Paralysis of the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb on one side of the body
Hemiplegia
A reflex action that involves an electrical impulse being transferred from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron via at least one connecting neuron (interneuron) in the spinal cord
Polysynaptic Reflex Arc