Vocabulary Quiz 1 Flashcards
Anabolism
One phase of metabolism.
The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components.
Ex: amino acids are used to anabolize (build) new proteins that make up body structures.
Anatomy
ana- = up -tomy = process of cutting
The science of body structures and the realtionships among them.
First studied by dissection.
Cardiovascular System
Composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
The heart pumps blood through blood vessels, carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids.
Catabolism
One phase of metabolism.
The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components.
Ex: digestive processes catabolize proteins in food into amino acids.
Digestive System
Composed of organs of the gastrointstinal tract; mouth, pharynx, esophogus, stomach, large and small intestine, anus. And organ of the digestive processes; salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas.
Body system that ingests food, breaks down, processes it, and eliminates wastes from the body.
Endocrine System
Composed of hormone producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, pancreas, ovaries…)
Regulates body activity by releasing hormones (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ).
Integumentary System
Composed of skin and associated structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands).
Protects the body; helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D, stores fats and provides insulation, and detects sensations.
Interstitial Fluid
The extracellular fluid that fills the narrow spaces bewteen cells and tissues.
Intercellular Fluid
The fluid within cells.
Lymph
Extracellular fluid within lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System
Composed of lymphatic fluid, and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils.
Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids; contains sites of maturation and proliferation.
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. Has two phases; catabolism and anabolism.
Muscular System
Composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
Participates in body movements, such as walking; maintains postureand produces heat.
Nervous System
Composed of spinal cord, brain, nerves, and sense organs like eyes and ears.
Generates action potentials to regulate body activities; detects changes in body’s internal and external environments.Interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
Physiology
The science of body functions - how the body parts work.
Plasma
Extracellular fluid found in blood vessels; blood minus the formed elements.
Reproductive System
Composed of gonads and associated organs.
Gonads produce gametes that unite to form a new organism. They also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk.
Respiratory System
Composed of lungs, air passage ways such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes leading into and out of the lungs.
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air. Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowingout of lungs through vocal cords to produce sound.
Skeletal System
Composed of bones and joints and associated cartilages.
Supports and protects the body; provides surface are for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids.
Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blodd. Helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids, body mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells.
