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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Test 4: Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Test 4: Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Controls the autonomic nervous system. Relays information between the CNS and endocrine system. Monitors blood substances. No blood -brain barrier. Involved in hunger, thirst, sex drives, temperature regulation, & maintain sleep cycle.

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

State of rapid eye movement sleep, hypnosis, lucid dreaming and the barely conscious state just before sleeping and just after waking

A

Theta Waves

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3
Q

A brain structure responsible for the perception of taste. It consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe.

A

Primary Gustatory Area

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4
Q

A barrier located at the tight junctions that surround and connect the cuboidal epithelial cells on the surface of the choroid plexus

A

Blood CSF Barrier

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5
Q

Hemisphere that is more involved in reasoning; number & logical skills, written & spoken language. usually contains Wernicke and Broca area

A

Left Hemispheres

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6
Q

Each of the paired lobes of the brain lying immediately behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behavior, learning, personality, and voluntary movement

A

Frontal Lobe

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7
Q

A region of the cerebral cortex concerned with the interpretation of sensory impulses

A

Sensory Area

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8
Q

A network of small groups of neuronal cell bodies scattered among bundles of axons beginning in the medulla oblongata and extending superiorly through the central part of the brain stem

A

Reticular Formation

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9
Q

The folds of the cerebral cortex of the brain

A

Gyri

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10
Q

A barrier consisting of specialized brain capillaries and astrocytes that prevents the passage of materials from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid and brain

A

Blood Brain Barrier

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11
Q

A network of capillaries located in the roof of each of the four ventricles of the brain; ependymal cells around this point produce cerebrospinal fluid

A

Choroid Plexus

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12
Q

A life-threatening metabolic disorder in young children, of uncertain cause but sometimes precipitated by aspirin and involving encephalitis and liver failure.

A

Reye’s Syndrome

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13
Q

A graphical record of electrical activity of the brain

A

Electroencephalogram

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14
Q

A cavity in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid. An inferior chamber of the heart

A

Ventricles

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15
Q

A state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy

A

Lethargy

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16
Q

Rythmic waves and have a higher frequency; occur when we are mentally alert, thinking, brain is active or during REM sleep

A

Beta Waves

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17
Q

The part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons; governs balance and coordinates skilled movements

A

Cerebellum

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18
Q

A pointed or cone shaped structure. One of two roughly triangular structures on the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata composed of the largest motor tracts that run from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. A triangular structure in the renal medulla

A

Pyramids

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19
Q

One of twellve pairs of nerves that leave the brain; pass through foramina in the skill; and supply sensory and motor neurons to the head, neck, and part of the trunk, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen. Each is designated by a roman numeral and name

A

Cranial Nerves

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20
Q

The part of the brain stem that forms a “bridge” between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, anterior to the cerebellum

A

Pons

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21
Q

A groove of depression between parts, especially between the convolutions of the brain

A

Sulci/Sulcus

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22
Q

Part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats through the nervous and endocrine systems. It is found in the medulla

A

Cardiac Center

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23
Q

A sudden attack of weakness or paralysis that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted

A

Stroke

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24
Q

In the Occipital Lobe, nerve impulses from photoreceptors in the retina of the eyes and constructs images

A

Primary Visual Area

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25
Q

Collection of cell bodies in the medulla oblongata of the brain that regulates or modulates blood pressure and cardiac function

A

Vasomotor Central

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26
Q

Aggregations or bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons located in the brain and spinal cord

The paler tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths.

A

White Matter

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27
Q

In each hemisphere, separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Fold, in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates

A

Central Sulcus

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28
Q

The portion of the brain immediately superior to the spinal cord, made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

A

Brain Stem

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29
Q

A fluid produced by ependymal cells that cover choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain; the fluid circulates in the ventricles, the central canal, and the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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30
Q

Hemisphere involved in musical and artistic abilities, pattern recognition, knowing faces, understanding the emotional content of language and visualizing descriptions

A

Right Hemisphere

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31
Q

Part of the Medulla Oblongata where nerve tracks cross over.

Crossing of 90% of the axons in the large motor tracts to opposite sides in the medullary pyramids

A

Decussation of Pyramids

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32
Q

In the Temporal lobe, receives impulses from ears and interprets basic sounds - pitch & rhythm

A

Primary Auditory Area

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33
Q

The region of the cerebral cortex that governs muscular movement, particularly the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

A

Motor Area

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34
Q

The great commissure of the brain between the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

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35
Q

An area of the midbrain that is involved in motor control and contains a large concentration of dopamine-producing neurons

A

Substantia Nigra

36
Q

A general term for disorders that involve difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols, but that do not affect general intelligence

A

Dyslexia

37
Q

An abnormal growth of tissue in the brain

A

Brain Tumor

38
Q

Groove in the cerebrum that divides the left and right hemispheres

A

Longitudinal Fissure

39
Q

Either of two compounds that occur naturally in the brain. They are peptides related to the endorphins, with similar physiological effects

A

Enkephalins

40
Q

Egg-shaped mass of gray matter, main relay center between the brain stem and the cerebrum, and registers conscious recognition of pain and temperature, and is concerned with certain emotions

A

Thalamus

41
Q

The three membranes covering th brain and spinal cord

A

Cranial Meninges

42
Q

The part of the brain between the pons and the diencephalon. Also called the mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

43
Q

Two small rounded bodies on the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus that are involved in reflexes related to the sense of smell

A

Mamillary Bodies

44
Q

A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that produces actions similar to those that result from sympathetic stimulation. Also called noradrenaline

A

Norepinephrine

45
Q

A cone-shaped gland located in the roof of the third ventricle that secretes melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

46
Q

An interrupted fissure anterior to and in general parallel with the central sulcus, marking the anterior border of the precentral gyrus

Site of the primary motor cortex

A

Precentral Sulcus

47
Q

Found within the superior margin of the falx cerebri,
a cavity created which collects blood draining from the brain tissue

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus

48
Q

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

Delta Waves

49
Q

Gyrus of cerebral cortex located immediately posterior to the central sulcus; contains the primary somatosensory area

A

Postcentral Gyrus

50
Q

A part of the brain consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and apithalamus

A

Diencephalon

51
Q

Gyrus of cerebral cortex located immediately anterior to the central sulcus; contains the primary motor area

A

Precentral Gyrus

52
Q

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain.

A

Hydrocephalus

53
Q

In the Occipital Lobe, interprets images seen and compares them to previous visual experiences and memories

A

Visual Association Area

54
Q

The stalklike structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus of the brain. The funnel-shaped, open, distal end of the uterine tube

A

Infundibulum

55
Q

A fold of the dura mater extending deep intothe longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx Cerebri

56
Q

The deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures; separates the frontal lobes and temporal lobes in bothhemispheres

A

Lateral Cerebral Sulcus

57
Q

Any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. They are peptides that activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect

A

Endorphins

58
Q

The sulcus that demarcates the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules.

Contains the primary somasensory area of the cerebral cortex.

A

Postcentral Sulcus

59
Q

A bruise of soft tissue; a collection of blood to a damaged area.

A

Contusion

60
Q

Traumatic injury to the brain that produces no visible bruising but may result in abrupt, temporary loss of consciousness

A

Concussion

61
Q

A Temporary stroke. a brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

62
Q

A temporary state in which individuals experience a clouding of consciousness in which they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

A

Delirium

63
Q

An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information

A

Occipital Lobe

64
Q

The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury

A

Paralysis

65
Q

Group of nucli (grey mater) found in the cerebral hemispheres. regulate muscle tone for movement, and control automatic skeletal movements.

A

Basal Ganglia

66
Q

Disabling neurological disorder characterized by dysfunction and death of specific cerebral neurons, resulting in widespread intellectual impairment, personality changes, and fluctuations in alertness

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

67
Q

Portion posterior to the frontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch

A

Parietal Lobe

68
Q

Large cortical regions on the lateral surfaces of the occipiral, parietal, and temporal lobes and on the frontal lobes anterior to the motor areas connected by many motor and sensory axons to other parts of the cortex; concerned with motor patterns, memory, concepts of word-hearing and word-seeing, reasoning, will, judgment, and personality traits

A

Association Areas

69
Q

The motor area of the brain in the frontal lobe that translates thoughts into speech

A

Broca’s Area

70
Q

Motor area of the brain in the frontal lobe that translates thoughts into speech. Also called Broca’s speech area

A

Motor Speech Area

71
Q

The two hemispheres of the forebrain, making up the largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

72
Q

A compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including epinephrine.

A

Dopamine

73
Q

An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information

A

Temporal Lobe

74
Q

Area where spinal cord becomes the brain stem. Contains vasomotor center and decussation of pyramids. Involved in sneezing, vomiting, hiccups, swallowing and coughing.

A

Medulla Oblongata

75
Q

A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes

A

Dementia

76
Q

Projections of the arachnoid mater that protrude into the superior sagittal sinus and through which cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

A

Arachnoid Villi

77
Q

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state of wakefulness, idle. Regular and rhythmic, low amplitude.

A

Alpha Waves

78
Q

A deep torn, ragged-edged wound of the skin

A

Laceration

79
Q

A neurotransmitter liberated by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons. It is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory at some other synapses

A

Acetylcholine

80
Q

A groove, fold, or slit that may be normal or abnormal

A

Fissures

81
Q

The surface of the cerebral hemispheres, 2-4 mm thick, consistinf of gray matter; arranged in six layers of neuronal cell bodies in most areas

A

Cerebral Cortex

82
Q

A bridge that connects the two halves of the thalamus

A

Intermediate Mass

83
Q

A small endocrine gland occupying the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. Also called the hypophysis

A

Pituitary Gland

84
Q

A part of the forebrain, sometimes termed the visceral brain, concerned with various aspects of emotion and behavior; includes the limbic lobe, dentate gyrus, amygdala, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamic nucleus, olfactory bulbs, and bundles or myelinated axons

A

Limbic System

85
Q

Destruction of brain tissue resulting from obstruction or rupture of blood vessels that supply the brain

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

86
Q

A state of reduced or suspended sensibility; state of mental numbness, as that resulting from shock; a daze; condition of dullness, often resulting from stress; unconsciousness

A

Stupor

87
Q

A triangular area of the cerebral cortex that lies deep within the lateral cerebral fissure, under the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes

A

Insula

Human Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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