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Human Anatomy & Physiology > Test 4: Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Test 4: Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

A free nerve ending that detects painful stimuli

A

Nociceptor

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2
Q

Sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical

A

Chemoreceptor

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3
Q

A condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings.

A

Narcolepsy

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4
Q

A state of wakefulness in which an individual is fully alert, aware and oriented, partly as a result of feedback between the cerebral cortex and reticular activating system

A

Consciousness

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5
Q

A drug-induced state in which the CNS nerve impulses are altered to reduce pain and other sensations throughout the entire body. It normally involves complete loss of consciousness and depression of normal respiratory drive.

A

General Anesthesia

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6
Q

Sensory receptor located in blood vessels and viscera that provides information about the body’s internal environment

A

Interoceptor/Viscroceptor

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7
Q

Any stress that changes a controlled condition; any change in the internal or external environment that excites a sensory receptor, a neuron, or a muscle fiber

A

Stimulus

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8
Q

The capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time

A

Short-Term Memory

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9
Q

Pain relief; absence of the sensation of pain

A

Analgesia

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10
Q

A lack or loss of memory

A

Amnesia

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11
Q

A hereditary disorder with mental and physical deterioration leading to death. Although characterized as an “adult-onset” disease, it can affect children as well

A

Huntington Disease

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12
Q

The interpretation of a stimulus

A

Perception

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13
Q

Pain from the skin, muscles, joints, tendons, and fascia.

A

Somatic Pain

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14
Q

Sensory receptor that detects changes in temperature

A

Thermoreceptor

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15
Q

Not felt in the deeper tissues, sharp pain, a knife cut, skin burn, or pin prick

A

Fast (Acute) Pain

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16
Q

A sensory receptor adapted for the reception of stimuli from outside the body

A

Exteroceptor

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17
Q
A

Acupuncture

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18
Q

Process whereby a receptor no longer sends an action potential because stimulus intensity stays the same or diminishes. Temperature, taste, and smell adapt quickly. Osmoregulators, pain, an chemical intro receptors adapt slowly.

A

Adaptation

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19
Q

Rapid eye movement, dreaming occurs, most motor neurons inhibited, EEG is similar to an awake person.

A

REM Sleep

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20
Q

A chronic bacterial disease that is contracted chiefly by infection during sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus

STD that if not treated may go to the brain, and will go insane

A

Syphilis

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21
Q

Conducts the impulse from the brainstem- spinal cord to the thalamus (Always ends in the thalamus)

Interneuron, spinal cord or medulla to thalamus

A

Second-Order Neurons

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22
Q

A network of dendrites arranged around the root of a hair as free or naked nerve endings that are stimulated when a hair shaft is moved

A

Hair Root Plexus

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23
Q

a state of awareness of external or internal conditions of the body

A

Senstaion

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24
Q

Sensory receptor that detects mechanical deformation of the receptor itself or adjacent cells; stimuli so detected include those related to touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, hearin, equilibrium, and blood pressure

A

Mechanoreceptor

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25
Q

A portion of the reticular formation that has many ascending connections with the cerebral cortex; when this area of the brain stem is active, nerve impulses pass to the thalamus and widespread areas of the cerebral cortex, resulting in generalized alertness or arousal from sleep

A

Reticular Activating System

26
Q

The pattern of biological activity on a twenty four hour cycle, such as the sleep-wake cycle

A

Circadian Rhythm

27
Q

Pain from visceral organs. Such as kidney stones, gall stones, or bowel blockage

Pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal viscera

A

Visceral Pain

28
Q

A sensory receptor for touch; found in dermal papillae, especially in the pams and soles. Also called a Meissner corpuscle

A

Corpuscles of Touch

29
Q

Habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep.

A

Insomnia

30
Q

Conducts nerve impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area

A

Third Order Neurons

31
Q

A system for permanently storing, managing, and retrieving information for later use

A

Long-Term Memory

32
Q

An encapsulated proprioceptor in a skeletal muscle, consisting of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers and nerve endings; stimulated by changes in length or tension of muscle fibers

A

Muscle Spindles

33
Q

Achieved by injecting a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture causing sensory, motor, and autonomtic blockage. e.g., lower abdomen, perineum, and legs. Hypotension, headache and urine retention may occur.

A

Spinal Anesthesia

34
Q

An impression of a vivid sensation (especially a visual image) retained after the stimulus has ceased.

A

Afterimage

35
Q

A specialized cell or a distal portion of a neuron that responds to a specific sensory modality, such as a touch, pressure, cold, light, or sound, and converts it to an electrical signal. A specific molecule or cluster of moelcules that recognizes and binds a particular ligand

A

Receptor/Sense Organ

36
Q

A sensation experienced by someone who has had a limb amputated that the limb is still there.

A

Phantom Pain

37
Q

Conduct impulses from receptors of the skin and from proprioceptors (receptors located in a join, muscle or tendon) to the spinal cord or brain stem

Sensory neuron, receptor to spinal cord or medulla

A

First-Order Neurons

38
Q

The ability to recall thoughts; commonly classified as short-term and long-term

A

Memory

39
Q

Oval-shaped pressure receptor located in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and consisting of concentric layers of a connective tissue wrapped around the dendrites of a sensory neuron. Also called a pacinian corpuscle

A

Lamellated Corpuscles

40
Q

Away from the surface of the body or an organ

A

Deep

41
Q

A proprioceptive receptor, sensitive to changes in muscle tension and force of contraction, found chiefly near the junctions of tendons and muscles. Also called a golgi tendon organ

A

Tendon Organs

42
Q

Brings information from the body’s periphery toward the brain. They function as cutaneous receptors that respond to temp, pain, itch, and hair follicle movement

A

Free Nerve Ending

43
Q

A state of deep unconsciousness that lasts for a prolonged or indefinite period, caused especially by severe injury or illness

A

Coma

44
Q

Dreamless sleep. The brain waves on the EEG recording are typically slow and of high voltage, the breathing and heart rate are slow and regular, the blood pressure is low, and the sleeper is relatively still. Divided into 4 stages of increasing depth leading to the other stage of sleep

A

Non REM Sleep

45
Q

Receptor that detects light shinning on the retina of the eye

A

Photoreceptor

46
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

A

Sleep Apnea

47
Q

A receptor located in muscles, tendons, joints, or the internal ear that provides information about body position and movements. Also called a visceroceptor

A

Proprioceptor

48
Q

The ability to acquire new information or skills through instruction or experience

A

Learning

49
Q

Pain felt in the deeper tissues, chronic and throbbing, a tooth ache or skin bruise

A

Slow (Chronic) Pain

50
Q

The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury.

A

Paralysis

51
Q

Generally result from stimulation of tactile receptors in deeper tissues and are longer lasting and have less variation in intensity than touch sensations; pressure is a sustained sensation that is felt over a larger area than touch.

A

Pressure Sensations

52
Q

An end organ of certain sensory neurons that branches out parallel tothe skin and responds to steady pressure.

A

Ruffini Corpuscle

53
Q

A condition caused by brain damage around the time of birth and marked by lack of muscle control and paralysis especially in the limbs

A

Cerebral Palsy

54
Q

Progressive degeneration of the basal nuclei and substantia nigra of the cerebrum resulting in decreased production of dopamine that leads to tremor, slowing of voluntary movements, and muscle weakness

A

Parkinson’s Disease

55
Q

Sensations that arise in the skin including touch, pressure, vibration and tickling.

A

Tactile Sensations

56
Q

Located on or near the surface of the body or an organ. Also called external

A

Superficial

57
Q

Sensations that arise in the skin including touch, pressure, vibration and tickling.

A

Cutaneous Sensation

58
Q

A proprioceptive receptor located in a joint, stimulated by joint movement

A

Joint Kinesthetic Receptors

59
Q
A

Engram

60
Q

A technique for treating certain painful condition and for producing regional anesthesia by passing long, thin needles through the skin to specific points.

A

Tremor

61
Q

Pain that is felt at a site remote from the place of origin

A

Referred Pain

62
Q

Saucer-shaped free nerve endings that make contact with tactile epithelial cells in the epidermis and function as touch receptors. Also called a Merkel disc

A

Tactile Discs

Human Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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