Vocabulary Quiz 3

Question 1

Active Transport

Answer 1

The movement of substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient, requires ATP

Question 2

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

A network of channels running through the cytoplasm of a cell that serves in intracellular transportation, support, storage, synthesis, and packaging molecules.

With ribosomes is the rough ER
Without ribosomes is the smooth ER

Question 3

Exocytosis

Answer 3

Process in which membrane-enclosed secretory vesicles form inside the cell, fuse with the plasma membrane, and release their contents into the interstitial fluid; achieves secretion of materials from a cell

Question 4

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

The process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins

Down the concentration gradient, requires no ATP, requires carrier molecules/channels/proteins/pores

Question 5

Golgi Complex/Apparatus

Answer 5

An organelle in the cytoplasm of cells consisting of 4-6 flattened sacs, stacked on one another, with expanded areas at their ends.

Functions in processing, sorting, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, and scretory vesicles

Question 6

Hydrophilic

Answer 6

Having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water

Question 7

Hydrophobic

Answer 7

Tending to repel or fail to mix with water

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid

Question 9

Hypotonic

Answer 9

Ha lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid

Question 10

Isotonic

Answer 10

Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

An organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell, eclosed by a single membrane and containing powerful digestive enzymes

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

A type of cell division that occurs during production of gametes, involving 2 successive nuclear divisions that result in cells with the haploid number of chromosomes

Question 13

Mitochondrion

Answer 13

A double-membraned organelle that plays a central role in the production of ATP, known as the “power-house” of the cell

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

The orderly division of the nucleus of a cell that ensures that each new nucleus has the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original nucleus. The process includes the replication of chromosomes and the distribution of the two sets of chromosomes into 2 separate and equal nuclei

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

The net movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 17

Phagocytosis

Answer 17

The process by which phagocytes ingest and destroy microbes, cell debris, and other foreign matter

Question 18

Pinocytosis

Answer 18

The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane

Question 19

Ribosome

Answer 19

A cellular structure in the cytoplasm of cells, composed of a small subunit and a large subunit that contain ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins; the site of protein synthesis

Question 20

Solution

Answer 20

Consists of the dissolved material called the solute and the dissolving agent called the solvent

Question 21

Solute

Answer 21

The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent

Question 22

Solvent

Answer 22

Able to dissolve other substances