Vocabulary Quiz 5

Question 1

The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell

Answer 1

Action Potential

Question 2

The usually single, long process of a nerve cell that propagates a nerve impulse toward the axon terminals

Answer 2

Axon

Question 3

A specialized part of the cell body (or soma) of a neuron that connects to the axon

Answer 3

Axon Hillock

Question 4

Cytoplasm of an axon

Answer 4

Axoplasm

Question 5

The cell membrane surrounding an axon. It is responsible for maintaining the membrane potential of the neuron, and it contains ion channels through which ions can flow. When this occurs, the voltage inside the axon changes, and depolarization or hyperpolarization of the membrane can occur.

Answer 5

Axolemma

Question 6

A branch off of the main axon that usually feeds back onto the soma. The function is to provide modulation of cell firing

Answer 6

Axon Collateral

Question 7

Terminal branch of an axon where synaptic vesicles undergo exocytosis to release neurotransmitter molecules. Also called telodendria

Answer 7

Axon Terminal

Question 8

A neuronal process that carries electrical signals, usually graded potentials, toward the cell body

Answer 8

Dendrite

Question 9

Neurons whose axons extend only for a short distance and contact nearby neurons in the brain, spinal cord, or a ganglion; they comprise the vast majority of neurons in the body. Also called association neurons.

Answer 9

Interneuron

Question 10

Neurons that conduct impulses from the brain toward the spinal cord or out of the brain and spinal cord into cranial or spinal nerves to effectors that may be either muscles or glands. Also called efferent neurons.

Answer 10

Motor Neuron

Question 11

Multilayered lipid and protein covering, formed by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, around axons of many peripheral and central nervous system neurons

Answer 11

Myelin Sheath

Question 12

Cells of the nervous system that perform various supportive functions. The neuroglia of the central nervous sytem are the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells; neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system include Schwann cells and satellite cells.

Answer 12

Neuroglia

Question 13

The peripheral; nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell. Also called sheath of Schwann

Answer 13

Neurolemma

Question 14

The study of the normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system

Answer 14

Neurology

Question 15

A large granular body found in neurons. These granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 15

Nissl Bodies

Question 16

A space along a myelinated axon between the individual Schwann cells that form the myelin sheath and the neurolemma

Answer 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 17

The nerve cell that is activated by the release of a neurontransmitter from another neuron and carries nerve impulses away from the synapse

Answer 17

Postsynaptic Neuron

Question 18

A neuron that propagates nerve impulses toward a synapse

Answer 18

Presynaptic Neuron

Question 19

A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system that forms the myelin sheath and neurolemma around the nerve axon by wrapping around the axon in a jelly-roll fashion

Answer 19

Schwann Cell

Question 20

Neuron that carries sensory information from cranial and spinal nerves into the brain and spinal cord or from a lower to a higher level in the spinal cord and brain. Also called afferent neuron

Answer 20

Sensory Neuron

Question 21

The functional junction between 2 neurons or between a neuron and an effector, such as a muscle or gland; may be electrical or chemical

Answer 21

Synapse

Question 22

Expanded distal end of an axon terminal that conatins synaptic vesicles. Also called a synaptic knob.

Answer 22

Synaptic End Bulb