Vocab test 9/20

Question 1

a negatively charged ion

Answer 1

anion

Question 2

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

an atoms dense central core, containing protons and neutrons

Answer 3

atomic nucleus

Question 4

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designared by a subscript

Answer 4

atomic number

Question 5

Another term for atomic mass

Answer 5

Atomic weight

Question 6

a positively cahrged ion

Answer 6

cation

Question 7

an attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gainn complete outer electron shell.

Answer 7

chemical bond

Question 8

In a chemical reasction, the state in which the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time.

Answer 8

chemical equilibrium

Question 9

the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter

Answer 9

chemical reaction

Question 10

a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

Answer 10

compound

Question 11

a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

Answer 11

covalent bond

Question 12

a double covalent bond or the sharing of two pairs of electrons by two atoms

Answer 12

double bond

Question 13

an energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom

Answer 13

electron shell

Question 14

a subtomic particle with a single negative electrical chargeand a mass 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. one or more electrons more around the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 14

Electron

Question 15

the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

Answer 15

Electronegativity

Question 16

any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

Answer 16

element

Question 17

n/a

Answer 17

energy level

Question 18

the capacity to cause charge especially to do work

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

a type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molcule or in another region of the same molecule

Answer 19

hydrogen bond

Question 20

an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons thus acquiring a charge

Answer 20

ion

Question 21

the clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cells by means of hydrogen bonds

Answer 21

adhesion

Question 22

the energy associated with the realative motion or objects, moving matter can perfrom work by imparting motion to another atom

Answer 22

kinetic energy

Question 23

a molecule (such as water) with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule

Answer 23

polar molecule

Question 24

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 24

solute

Question 25

a liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Answer 25

solution

Question 26

the dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known

Answer 26

solvent

Question 27

the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a substance to change its temp by 1 degree celsius

Answer 27

specific heat

Question 28

Having an affinity for water

Answer 28

hydrophilic

Question 29

having no affinity for water, tending to coalesce and form droplets in water

Answer 29

hydrophobic

Question 30

a chemical bond reulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Answer 30

Ionic bond

Question 31

a compoind resulting from the formation of an ionic bond also called a salt

Answer 31

ionic compound

Question 32

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass

Answer 32

isotope

Question 33

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

Answer 33

mass number

Question 34

anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 34

matter

Question 35

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Answer 35

molecule

Question 36

a subatomic particle having no charge, with a mass of about 1.7 times 10 to the negative 24th power g. Found in the nucleus

Answer 36

neutron

Question 37

a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Answer 37

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 38

the energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangment

Answer 38

potential energy

Question 39

a material resulting from a chemical reaction

Answer 39

product

Question 40

a subatomic particle that has a positive charge

Answer 40

proton

Question 41

an isotope that is unstable, the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy

Answer 41

radioactive isotope

Question 42

a starting material in a chemical reaction

Answer 42

reactant

Question 43

a compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond, also called an ionic compound

Answer 43

salt

Question 44

an element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts

Answer 44

trace element

Question 45

an electron in the outermost electron shell

Answer 45

valence electron

Question 46

sthe outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in in the chemical reaction of that atom

Answer 46

valence shell

Question 47

sthe bonding capacity of a given atom, the number of covalent bonds an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost shell

Answer 47

valence

Question 48

Weak attractoins b/w molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges

Answer 48

Van der Waals interactions

Question 49

a measure of hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 49

pH

Question 50

a measure of how quickly it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Answer 50

Surface Tension

Question 51

a meausure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in in a body of matter

Answer 51

temperature

Question 52

the linking together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds

Answer 52

Cohesion

Question 53

the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the freatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state

Answer 53

evaporative cooling

Question 54

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted to the gaseous state

Answer 54

heat of vaporization