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Whisker-Biology > Vocab test 9/20 > Flashcards

Vocab test 9/20 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a negatively charged ion

A

anion

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2
Q

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

A

atom

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3
Q

an atoms dense central core, containing protons and neutrons

A

atomic nucleus

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4
Q

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designared by a subscript

A

atomic number

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5
Q

Another term for atomic mass

A

Atomic weight

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6
Q

a positively cahrged ion

A

cation

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7
Q

an attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gainn complete outer electron shell.

A

chemical bond

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8
Q

In a chemical reasction, the state in which the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time.

A

chemical equilibrium

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9
Q

the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter

A

chemical reaction

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10
Q

a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

compound

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11
Q

a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

A

covalent bond

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12
Q

a double covalent bond or the sharing of two pairs of electrons by two atoms

A

double bond

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13
Q

an energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom

A

electron shell

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14
Q

a subtomic particle with a single negative electrical chargeand a mass 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. one or more electrons more around the nucleus of an atom.

A

Electron

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15
Q

the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

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16
Q

any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

A

element

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17
Q

n/a

A

energy level

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18
Q

the capacity to cause charge especially to do work

A

energy

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19
Q

a type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molcule or in another region of the same molecule

A

hydrogen bond

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20
Q

an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons thus acquiring a charge

A

ion

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21
Q

the clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cells by means of hydrogen bonds

A

adhesion

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22
Q

the energy associated with the realative motion or objects, moving matter can perfrom work by imparting motion to another atom

A

kinetic energy

23
Q

a molecule (such as water) with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule

A

polar molecule

24
Q

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

solute

25
Q

a liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

A

solution

26
Q

the dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known

A

solvent

27
Q

the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a substance to change its temp by 1 degree celsius

A

specific heat

28
Q

Having an affinity for water

A

hydrophilic

29
Q

having no affinity for water, tending to coalesce and form droplets in water

A

hydrophobic

30
Q

a chemical bond reulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bond

31
Q

a compoind resulting from the formation of an ionic bond also called a salt

A

ionic compound

32
Q

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass

A

isotope

33
Q

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

A

mass number

34
Q

anything that takes up space and has mass

A

matter

35
Q

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

A

molecule

36
Q

a subatomic particle having no charge, with a mass of about 1.7 times 10 to the negative 24th power g. Found in the nucleus

A

neutron

37
Q

a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

A

nonpolar covalent bond

38
Q

the energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangment

A

potential energy

39
Q

a material resulting from a chemical reaction

A

product

40
Q

a subatomic particle that has a positive charge

A

proton

41
Q

an isotope that is unstable, the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy

A

radioactive isotope

42
Q

a starting material in a chemical reaction

A

reactant

43
Q

a compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond, also called an ionic compound

A

salt

44
Q

an element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts

A

trace element

45
Q

an electron in the outermost electron shell

A

valence electron

46
Q

sthe outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in in the chemical reaction of that atom

A

valence shell

47
Q

sthe bonding capacity of a given atom, the number of covalent bonds an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost shell

A

valence

48
Q

Weak attractoins b/w molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges

A

Van der Waals interactions

49
Q

a measure of hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

50
Q

a measure of how quickly it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

A

Surface Tension

51
Q

a meausure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in in a body of matter

A

temperature

52
Q

the linking together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds

A

Cohesion

53
Q

the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the freatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state

A

evaporative cooling

54
Q

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted to the gaseous state

A

heat of vaporization

Whisker-Biology (31 decks)

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