Vocab test 9/20 Flashcards
a negatively charged ion
anion
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
atom
an atoms dense central core, containing protons and neutrons
atomic nucleus
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designared by a subscript
atomic number
Another term for atomic mass
Atomic weight
a positively cahrged ion
cation
an attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gainn complete outer electron shell.
chemical bond
In a chemical reasction, the state in which the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time.
chemical equilibrium
the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter
chemical reaction
a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
compound
a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
covalent bond
a double covalent bond or the sharing of two pairs of electrons by two atoms
double bond
an energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom
electron shell
a subtomic particle with a single negative electrical chargeand a mass 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. one or more electrons more around the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
Electronegativity
any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions
element
n/a
energy level
the capacity to cause charge especially to do work
energy
a type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molcule or in another region of the same molecule
hydrogen bond
an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons thus acquiring a charge
ion
the clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cells by means of hydrogen bonds
adhesion
the energy associated with the realative motion or objects, moving matter can perfrom work by imparting motion to another atom
kinetic energy
a molecule (such as water) with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule
polar molecule
a substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
a liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances
solution
the dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known
solvent
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of a substance to change its temp by 1 degree celsius
specific heat
Having an affinity for water
hydrophilic
having no affinity for water, tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
hydrophobic
a chemical bond reulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bond
a compoind resulting from the formation of an ionic bond also called a salt
ionic compound
One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass
isotope
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus
mass number
anything that takes up space and has mass
matter
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
molecule
a subatomic particle having no charge, with a mass of about 1.7 times 10 to the negative 24th power g. Found in the nucleus
neutron
a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
nonpolar covalent bond
the energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangment
potential energy
a material resulting from a chemical reaction
product
a subatomic particle that has a positive charge
proton
an isotope that is unstable, the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and energy
radioactive isotope
a starting material in a chemical reaction
reactant
a compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond, also called an ionic compound
salt
an element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts
trace element
an electron in the outermost electron shell
valence electron
sthe outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in in the chemical reaction of that atom
valence shell
sthe bonding capacity of a given atom, the number of covalent bonds an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost shell
valence
Weak attractoins b/w molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges
Van der Waals interactions
a measure of hydrogen ion concentration
pH
a measure of how quickly it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
Surface Tension
a meausure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in in a body of matter
temperature
the linking together of like molecules often by hydrogen bonds
Cohesion
the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the freatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state
evaporative cooling
the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted to the gaseous state
heat of vaporization
