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Whisker-Biology > Vocab quiz 10/9/16 > Flashcards

Vocab quiz 10/9/16 Flashcards

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1
Q

alpha helix

A

a coiled region constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arisisng from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding bw atoms of the polypeptide backbone

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2
Q

amino acid

A

an organic molecule possessing both a carboxyl and an amino group. they serve as the monomers of polypeptides

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3
Q

antiparallel

A

Referring to the arrangement of the sugar phosphate backbone and In a DNA double helix

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4
Q

beta pleated sheet

A

One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chains fold back-and-forth. Two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds between Atoms of the polypeptide backbone

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5
Q

carb

A

A sugar or monosaccharide or one of its dimers disaccharides are polymers polysaccharides

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6
Q

catalyst

A

A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

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7
Q

cellulose

A

A structural polysaccharide of a plant cell wall consisting of glucose monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages

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8
Q

chaperonin

A

Idk

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9
Q

chitin

A

A structural polysaccharide consisting of amino sugar monomers found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods

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10
Q

cholestorol

A

A steroid that forms and essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids such as many hormones

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11
Q

condensation reaction

A

Idk

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12
Q

dehydration reaction

A

kA chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule

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13
Q

denaturation

A

k in proteins a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions thereby becoming biologically and inactive. In DNA the separation of the two strands of the double helix denaturization includes under extreme conditions of pH salt concentration or temperature

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14
Q

DNA

A

kA nucleic acid molecule usually in double-stranded helix and which each probably a nucleotide strands consist of a nucleotide monomers with the deoxyribose sugar in the nitrogenous bases adenine cytosine guanine thymine, capable of being replicated in determining the inherited structure of cells proteins

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15
Q

deoxyribose

A

The sugar component of DNA nucleotides, having one fewer hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar component of the RNA nucleotides

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16
Q

disaccharide

A

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage form by a dehydration reaction

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17
Q

disulfide bridge

A

Hey strong covalent bond formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer

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18
Q

double helix

A

The form of native DNA, referring to it’s two adjacent anti-parallel poly nucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape

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19
Q

enzyme

A

A macromolecule serving as a catalyst for chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins

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20
Q

fat

A

Hey lipid consisting of three fatty acid’s wing to one glycerol molecule; also called a try glycerol or triglyceride

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21
Q

fatty acid

A

A carboxylic acid with a long carbon chain. Fatty acids will vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acid’s going to a glycerol molecule for my family cool, also known as a try glycerol or triglyceride

22
Q

gene

A

kI discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

23
Q

glycogen

A

And extensively branch glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch

24
Q

glycosidic linkage

A

A covalent bond forms between two monosaccharides buy a dehydration reaction

25
Q

hydrolysis

A

A chemical reaction that breaks bronze down between two molecules by the addition of water; functions and disassembly of polymers too monomers

26
Q

hydrophobic interaction

A

A type of week chemical reaction caused when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude water

27
Q

lipid

A

kany of a group of large biological molecules including fats phospholipids and steroids that makes poorly, if at all with water

28
Q

macromolecule

A

A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually buy a dehydration reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acid’s are more macromolecules

29
Q

Monomer

A

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer

30
Q

Monosaccharide

A

The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are generally some multiple CH2O

31
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Hey Polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, for the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types our DNA and RNA

32
Q

Nucleotide

A

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and 1 to 3 phosphate groups

33
Q

Peptide bond

A

The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and that mean a group from another formed by a dehydration reaction

34
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid made up of glycerol joined to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acid’s act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phospholipids form bilayers that function as biological membranes

35
Q

Polynucleotide

A

A polymer consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds

36
Q

Polypeptide

A

A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

37
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions

38
Q

Primary structure

A

The level of protein structure referring to the specific linear sequence of amino acids

39
Q

Protein

A

A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure

40
Q

Purine

A

One of two types of nitrogen us bases found a nucleotides, characterized by six membered ring. Adenine, and guanine are purines

41
Q

Pyrimidine

A

One of two types of nitrogen us bases found a nucleotides, characterized by six membered ring. Cytosine, thymine, and Uracil are pyrimidines.

42
Q

Quaternary structure

A

The particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constitution and subunits each a polypeptide

43
Q

Ribonucleic acid RNA

A

A type of nucleic acid consisting of a poly nucleotide made up of a nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil; usually single stranded, functions in a protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses.

44
Q

ribose

A

The sugar component of RNA nucleotides

45
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by a single bond vest maximizing the number of hydrogen Adams connected to the carbon skeleton

46
Q

Secondary structure

A

Regions of repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bonding between constituents of the backbone

47
Q

Starch

A

Hey storage polysaccharide implants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by alphaglycostatic linkages

48
Q

Steroid

A

A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached

49
Q

Tertiary structure

A

The overall shape of a protein molecule do to interactions of amino acid sidechains, including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges

50
Q

Triacylglycerol

A

A lipid consisting of three fatty acid’s linked to one and glycerol molecule also called a fat or triglyceride

51
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbon is in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton

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