Chapter 13 Vocab

Question 1

Antiparallel

Answer 1

Referring to the arrangement of the sugar phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (thy run in opposite 5’ to 3’ directions)

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

A virus that infects bacteria, also called a phage

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope

Question 4

DNA Ligase

Answer 4

A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication, catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of one DNA fragment to the 5’ end of another DNA fragment

Question 5

DNA Polmymerase

Answer 5

An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain. There are several different DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase 3 and DNA polymerase 1 play major roles in DNA replication in E. Colu

Question 6

DNA Replication

Answer 6

The process by which a DNA molecule is copied, also called DNA synthesis

Question 7

Double helix

Answer 7

The form of native DNA, referring to its 2 adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape

Question 8

Helicase

Answer 8

An enzyme that untwist the double helix of DNA at replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands

Question 9

Lagging strand

Answer 9

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5 to 3 direaction awasy from the replication fork

Question 10

Leading strand

Answer 10

The new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5 to 3 direction

Question 11

Mismatch repair

Answer 11

The cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides

Question 12

Nuclease

Answer 12

An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolizing he DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides

Question 13

Nucleoid

Answer 13

A nonmembrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where it’s chromosome is located

Question 14

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 14

A repair system that removes and then correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide

Question 15

Okazaki fragment

Answer 15

A short segment of DNA synthesized awasy from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication. Many such segments are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA

Question 16

Origin of replication

Answer 16

Site where he replication of a DNA molecule begins, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 17

Phage

Answer 17

A virus that infects bacteria, also called a bacteriophage

Question 18

Primase

Answer 18

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication, using the parental DNA strand as a template

Question 19

Primer

Answer 19

A short stretch of RNA with with a. Free 3’ end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication

Question 20

Replication fork

Answer 20

A y shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized

Question 21

Semi conservative model

Answer 21

Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand

Question 22

Single strand binding protien

Answer 22

A protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA

Question 23

Telomerase

Answer 23

Idk

Question 24

Telomere

Answer 24

The tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosomes DNA molecule. Telomeres protect the organisms genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication

Question 25

Topoisomerase

Answer 25

A protein that breaks, swivels and rejoins DNA strands. During DNA replication, topoimerase helps to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork

Question 26

Transformation

Answer 26

The process by which a cell in culture acquires the ability to divide indefinitely, similar to the division of cancer cells, OR a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell, Whenb the external DNA is from a member of a different species, ransformation results in horizontal gene trasnfer

Question 27

Virus

Answer 27

And infectious particle incapable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat and, for some viruses, a membranous envelope