Vocab Quiz Metabolism Flashcards
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation.
Activation energy
The binding of a regulatory molecules to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site
Allosteric regulation
The specific region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs
Active site
A metabolic pathway that consumers energy to synthesize the complex molecules from simpler molecules
Anabolic pathway
An adenosine containing nucleoside triphospjate that releases free energy when its PHOSPHATE bonds are hydrolysis. The energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
ATP
The overall flow and transformation of energy in an organism the study of how energy flows through organisms
Bioenergetics
A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules
Catabolic pathway
A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Catalyst
Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy
Chemical energy
An organic molecule serving as a cofactor most vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolic reactions
Co enzyme
Any non-protein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate during catalysis
Cofactor
I substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure at mimics
Competitive inhibitor
A nonspontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
Endergonic reaction
The capacity to cause change especially to do work
Energy
In cellular metabolism the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Energy coupling
A measure of disorder random
Entropy
A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, I chemical agent that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction most enzymes are proteins
Enzyme
A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to a substrate molecule(s)
Enzyme – substrate complex
A gland that secretes substances through a duct and onto a body surface or into a body cavity
Exergonic reaction
I method of metabolic Control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway
Feedback inhibition
The principle of conservation of energy; energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
The first law of thermodynamics
The portion of a biological systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. The change in free energy of a system. It can be calculated by the equation delta G equals delta H minus T delta s where delta H is the change in enthalpy, T is the absolute temp
Free energy
I DK
Free energy of activation
Thermal energy and transferred from one body of matter to another
Heat
Caused by injury of the substrate, the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snuggly to the substrate
Induced fit
The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by importing motion to another matter.
Kinetic Energy
A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down the complex molecule to simply Molecules
Metabolic pathway
They totality of an organisms chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manages the material and energy resources of the organism
Metabolism
Hey substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remotes from the active site, changing the enzymes shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product
Noncompetitive inhibitor
A molecule with a phosphate group covalently bound to it, making it more reactive than the unphosphorylated molecule
Phosphorylated intermediate
The energy that matter possesses as a result of which location or special arrangement
Potential energy
The principal stating that every energy transferred or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of energy or at least partly converted to heat
Second law of thermodynamics
The reactant on which an enzyme work
Substrate
A process that occurs without an overall input of energy; process that is energetically favorable
Spontaneous process
Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules energy and its most random form
Thermal energy
The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
Thermodynamics
