Chapter 1 Test- Evolution and the Foundation of Biology Flashcards
What are all living things made of?
One or more cells
How are living things organized
- highly organized
- single celled=special structures
- Multi-Cellular=grouped by function
Tell about evolution
- Inheriting changes that help the species survive
- populations evolve over many generations
ex: giraffe necks grew so giraffe could eat food off of branches
Tell about stimuli
all living things respond to stimuli (internal and external)
ex: cells dehydrate=thirst
What is regulation/homeostasis
- maintain stable internal conditions
ex: sweating, water intake
Tell about energy use
- all living things use energy to fuel life processes
- some eat food, others use their own.
what is growth?
cell enlargement and/or division
what is development
different abilities
ex: tadpole to frog
what example of evolution can you give using mice?
mainland mice’s fur turned darker
beach mice’s fur turned lighter
what are the levels of biological organization (large to small)
- Biosphere
- ecosystem
- Community
- population
- organism
- organ
- tissue
- cells
- organelles
- molecules
Biosphere
all environments on earth
Ecosystem
All living and nonliving things in an area
Community
All organisms in an ecosystem
Populations
All individuals of a species in an area
Organism
An individual living thing
Organs
Specialized body parts made of tissue
Tissue
A group of similar cells
Cells
Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function
Organelles
A structural component of a cell
Molecules
A chemical structure consisting of atoms
What are emergent properties?
New properties with each step up in hierarchy
What are the two main forms of cells?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Organelles, nucleus, larger
Prokaryotic
Lack of organelles, no nucleus, smaller
What is the structure of DNA?
- double helix
- nucleotides
Describe gene expression
DNA–>transcription into—–> mRNA—->translation into —–>protein folding—->final protein
What are the 2 major processes of ecosystems?
- cycling nutrients
- flow of energy from sun to producers to consumers
Producers to consumers cycle?
Sunlight—> producers—-> consumers—-de composers.
Every “—->” heat is let off
Taxonomy
Names and classifies species
Classification order…?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- genus
- species
3 domains of life
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What are the 3 eukaryotic kingdoms
Plantae (plants, make own sugars thru photosynthesis, autotrophs)
Fungi (decomposes by absorption, heterotrophs)
Animalia (obtain food by ingestion, heterotrophs)
What is the 4th eukaryotic kingdom?
Protista (unicellular, multicellular, heterotrophic and autotrophic)
What were Charles darwin’s 3 observations
- Variation exists in every population
- More offspring are produced than can possibly survive this causing competition
- Species are adapted to their circumstances
What are so good inferences we learn from evolution?
- Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive longer and produce more offspring
- Over many generations a higher and higher proportion of individuals will have advantageous traits
Qualitative data
Data about qualities, cannot be measured, but destined
Quantitative data
Data that is measured
What are constants?
Things that are kept the same
What is a control?
Standard for comparison
Be sure to know how to make a dichotomous key
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