Chapter 11 (Mendel and the Gene Idea) Vocab

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Question 2

Amniocentesis

Answer 2

Idk

Question 3

Carrier

Answer 3

In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus for a recessively inherited disorder. The heterozygous is generally pheonotypically normal for the disorder but can pass on the recessive allele to offspring

Question 4

Character

Answer 4

An observable editable feature that may vary among individuals

Question 5

Chorionic villus sampling

Answer 5

A test made in early pregnancy to detect congenital abnormalities in the fetus. A tiny tissue sample is taken form the villi of the chorion, which forms the fetal part of the placenta

Question 6

Codominance

Answer 6

The situation in which the phenotype of bothe alleles are exhibited in the heterozygous because both alleles affect the phenotype in speperate, distinguishable ways

Question 7

Complete dominance

Answer 7

The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygous ad dominant homozygous are indistinguishable

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

A human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allel for a chloride channel protein, characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection, fatal if untreated

Question 9

Dihybrid

Answer 9

An organism that is heterozygous with respect to Theo genes of interest. All the offspring form a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrid s. For exampl, parents of genotype AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb

Question 10

Dominant allele

Answer 10

An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous

Question 11

F1 generation

Answer 11

The first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) spring arisin form a parental (P generation) cross

Question 12

F2 generation

Answer 12

The offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid 1 generation

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

Organism that has two different alleles for a gene

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Organism that has the same two alleles for a gene

Question 16

Huntingtons disease

Answer 16

A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele, characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system, usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset symptoms

Question 17

Hybridization

Answer 17

In genetics, the mating, or crossing of two true breeding varieties

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Te situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele

Question 19

Law of independent assortment

Answer 19

Models second law stating that each pair of alleles segregates or asserts independently of each other pair during gamete formation, applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes or when they are far enough apart on the same chromosome t behave as thoug they are on different chromosomes

Question 20

Law of segregation

Answer 20

Mendelssohn first laws, stating that the two alleles in a pair segreagate into different gametes during gamete formation

Question 21

Monohybrid

Answer 21

An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrides. For example, parents of genotype AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa

Question 22

Multifactoral

Answer 22

Referring to a phenotypic character that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors

Question 23

P generation

Answer 23

The true breeding parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived in studies of inheritance, P stands for parental

Question 24

Pedigree

Answer 24

A diagram of a family tree with conventional symbols, showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism

Question 26

Pleiotrophy

Answer 26

The ability of a single gene to have multiple affects

Question 27

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 27

A additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character

Question 28

Punnett square

Answer 28

A diagram hused in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype

Question 29

Quantitative character

Answer 29

A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either or fashion

Question 30

Recessive allele

Answer 30

An allele whose phenotypic offect is not observed in a heterozygote

Question 31

Sickle cell disease

Answer 31

A recessivley inherited human blood disorder in which a shingle nucleotide change in the B-globin gene causes hemoglobin aggregate, changin red blood cell hshape and causing multiple symptoms in afflicted individuals

Question 32

Tay sachs disease

Answer 32

A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme, leading to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifested a few n=months after birth, followed by death in a few years.

Question 33

Testcross

Answer 33

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygousrecessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype

Question 34

Trait

Answer 34

One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character

Question 35

True breeding

Answer 35

Referring to organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self pollination