Cell Cycle Vocab part 2

Question 1

Alternation of generations

Answer 1

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte, characteristic of plants and some algae

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

The generation of offspring from a singl parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Question 3

Autosome

Answer 3

A chromosome that is not directly involvaed in determining sex, not a sex chromosome

Question 4

Chiasma

Answer 4

The x shaped microscopically visible region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase 1 between homologous nonsister chromatids. Chiasmata become visible after synopsis ends with the two homologs remaining associated due to sister chromatids cohesion

Question 5

Clone

Answer 5

A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells.

Question 6

Crossing over

Answer 6

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids

Question 7

Diploid cell

Answer 7

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent

Question 8

Fertilization

Answer 8

The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 9

Gamete

Answer 9

A haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes united during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

A discrete unit of hereditary info consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

Question 11

Genetics

Answer 11

The scientific study of of hereditary and hereditary variation

Question 12

Haploid cell

Answer 12

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n)

Question 13

Heredity

Answer 13

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 14

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 14

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes form the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organisms father, the other form the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair

Question 15

Karyotypes

Answer 15

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

Question 16

Locus

Answer 16

A specific place alon the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as the original cell

Question 18

Meiosis 1

Answer 18

The first division of a two stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

Question 19

Meiosis 2

Answer 19

The second division of a two stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cell s with half the number of chromosomes sets as the original cell

Question 20

Recombinant chromosome

Answer 20

A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome

Question 21

Sex chromosome

Answer 21

A chromosome responsible for determining the sex on an individual

Question 22

Sexual reproduction

Answer 22

A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique ombinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes

Question 23

Somatic cell

Answer 23

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.

Question 24

Synapsis

Answer 24

The pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 25

Tetrad

Answer 25

Idk

Question 26

Zygote

Answer 26

The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization, a fertilized egg

Question 27

Variation

Answer 27

Differences between members of the same species