A Tour of the Cell vocab quiz

Question 1

Cell fractionation

Answer 1

The disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation at successively higher speeds.

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants and prokaryotes and fungi and and some protests. Polysaccharides such as cellulos and chitin and peptidoglycan are important structural components of cell walls.

Question 3

Central vacuole

Answer 3

In a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage and sequesation of toxic substances

Question 4

Centriole

Answer 4

A structure in the center of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9 + 0 pattern. A centrosome has a pair of centrioles.

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protests that absorbs sunlight and uses int to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. when the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, lain fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

A cellular structiore consisting of on DNA molecule and associated protein molecules. A eukaryotic cell typically has multiple linear chromosomes which are in the nucleus. A prokaryotic cell often has a singular circular chromosome whic is found in the nucleoid, a region that is not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 8

Cilia

Answer 8

A short appendage containing microtubule in eukaryotic cells. A motile cillium is specialized for locomotion or moving fluid past the cell, it is formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubule and two inner single ones.

Question 9

Contractile vacuole

Answer 9

A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain fresh water protists

Question 10

Crista

Answer 10

An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondria. the inner membrane houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

The contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane in eukaryotes, the portion of the nucleus

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

A network of microtubule , microfilaments and intermediate filaments that extends throughout the cytosplasm and serves a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions

Question 13

Cytosol

Answer 13

The semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 14

Electron microscope

Answer 14

A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in a practical solution 100 folds greater that a of a light microscope using standard techniques.

Question 15

Endomembrane system

Answer 15

The collection of membranes inside and surrounding eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. Includes the plasma membrane , the nuclear envelope, the smooth and rough ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles

Question 16

Endoplasmic reticululm

Answer 16

An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous withe the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded and ribosome free regions

Question 17

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

A type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Called eukaryotes

Question 18

Flagellum

Answer 18

Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. Like cilia

Question 19

Food vacuole

Answer 19

Membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell

Question 20

Glycoprotein

Answer 20

A protein with one or more covalent lay attached carbs

Question 21

Golgi apparatus

Answer 21

Organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat sacs that modify,store and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notably no cellular carbs

Question 22

Granum

Answer 22

A stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in the chloroplasts. Grana functions in the light reactions of photosynthesis

Question 23

Intermediate filament

Answer 23

A component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size bw microtubules and microfilaments

Question 24

Light microscope

Answer 24

An optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images of specimens.

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

An enzyme that destroys bacterial cells. In mammals, found in tears ,sweat, and saliva

Question 26

Microfilament

Answer 26

A cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell , making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contractions, also known as an actin filament

Question 27

Microtubule

Answer 27

One of many, fine, finger like projections that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

Question 28

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 28

The compartment of the mitochondria enclosed by the inner membrane and and containing enzymes that and substrates for the citric acid cyscle, as well as ribosomes and DNA

Question 29

Mitochondria

Answer 29

An organelle in eukaryotic cells a that serves as the site of cellular respiration, uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP

Question 30

Nuclear envelope

Answer 30

In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm. The outer membrane is continuous with the ER

Question 31

Nucleoid

Answer 31

A nonmembrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome

Question 32

Nucleoulus

Answer 32

A peck Alize’s structure in the nucleus consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosmal proteins imported form the cytoplasm, site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

Question 33

Nucleus

Answer 33

An atoms central core, the organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes

Question 34

Organelle

Answer 34

Any of several kinds of membrane enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.

Question 35

Peroxisome

Answer 35

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substances to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Question 36

Phagocytosis

Answer 36

A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small rganisms are taken up by a cell. It is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals

Question 37

Plasma membrane

Answer 37

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cells chemical composition

Question 38

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 38

A type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes

Question 39

Ribosome

Answer 39

A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, consists of a large subunit and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus

Question 40

Rough ER

Answer 40

The portion of the endoplamsic reticulum with ribosomes attached.

Question 41

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 41

A microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a sample, coated with metal atoms, the study details of its topography

Question 42

Smooth ER

Answer 42

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes

Question 43

Stroma

Answer 43

The dense fluid within the chloroplasts surrounding that thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA, involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from CO2 and H2O

Question 44

Thylakoid

Answer 44

Flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Exist in stacks

Question 45

Transmission electron microscope

Answer 45

Microscope that passes an. Electron beam through very thin sections stained with metal atoms and is primarily used to study the internal ultra structure of cells

Question 46

Transport vehicle

Answer 46

A small membranous sac in a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell

Question 47

Vesicle

Answer 47

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell.