Photosynthesis

Question 1

Absorption spectrum

Answer 1

The range of a pigments ability to absorb various wavelengths of light; also a graph of such a range

Question 2

Action spectrum

Answer 2

A graph that profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a particular process

Question 3

Autotroph

Answer 3

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

Question 4

CAM Plant

Answer 4

A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism, an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions. In this process carbon dioxide entering open stomata during the night is converted to organic acids, which release CO2 for the Calvin Cycle during the day, when the stomata are closed

Question 5

C3 Plant

Answer 5

A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three carbon compound as the first stable intermediate.

Question 6

Calvin Cycle

Answer 6

the second of two major stages in photosynthesis

Question 7

Carbon fixation

Answer 7

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism

Question 8

Carotenoids

Answer 8

An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.

Question 9

Chrolophyll

Answer 9

A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplast of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes. Chlorophyll a participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 10

Chrolophyll a

Answer 10

A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions which convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 11

Chrolophyll b

Answer 11

An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a

Question 12

C4 Plants

Answer 12

A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four carbon compound, the end of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle

Question 13

Linear electron flow

Answer 13

A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photostems and produces ATP, NADPH, and O2. The net electron flow is from H2O to NADP+

Question 14

Decomposer

Answer 14

An organisms that absorbs nutrients from no living organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms and converts them to inorganic forms, a detritvore.

Question 15

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 15

The entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, ranging in wavelength from less than a nonmeter to more than a kilometer.

Question 16

G3P

Answer 16

A three carbon carbohydrate that is the direct product of the Calvin Cycle, it is also an intermediate in glycolysis

Question 17

Heterotrophs

Answer 17

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived form them.

Question 18

Light reactions

Answer 18

The first of two major stages in photosynthesis. These reaction, which occur on the thylakoids membranes of the chloroplasts or on membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH releasing oxygen in the process.

Question 19

Light harvesting complex

Answer 19

A complex of proteins associated with pigment molecules that captures light energy and transfers it to a reaction center pigmented in a photo system

Question 20

Mesophyll

Answer 20

Leaf cells specialized for photosynthesis, In C3 and CAM Plants, mesophyll cells are located by the upper and lower epidermis, in C4 plants, they are located by the bundle sheath cells and the epidermis.

Question 21

NADP+

Answer 21

Nicotinamide adenine denuclearize phosphate, an electron acceptor that, as NADPH, temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions

Question 22

NADPH

Answer 22

Idk

Question 23

Photon

Answer 23

A quantum o discrete quantity, of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle.

Question 24

Photophosphorylation

Answer 24

The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis using a proton motive force generated across the thylakoids membranes of the chloroplasts or the membranes of certain prokaryotes during the light reaction of photosynthesis

Question 25

Phtotorespiration

Answer 25

A metabolic pathways that consumes oxygen and ATP, releases carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output. Photorespiration generally occurs on hot dry, bright days when stomata close and the o2/CO2 ratio in the leaf increases, favoring the binding of 02 rather than CO2 by rubisco

Question 26

Photosynthesis

Answer 26

The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes

Question 27

Photo system

Answer 27

A light capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or in the membrane of the chloroplasts or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light harvesting complexes. There are two types of photosystems, 1 and 2. The absorb light best at. Different wavelengths.

Question 28

Photo system 1

Answer 28

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplasts thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, it has two molecules of p700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center.

Question 29

Photo system 2

Answer 29

One of two light capturing units in a chloroplasts thylakoid membrane or isn’t he membrane of some prokaryotes, it has two molecules of p680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center.

Question 30

Primary electron acceptor

Answer 30

In the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast, or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, a specialized molecule that shares the reaction center complex with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules and that accepts an electron from them

Question 31

Producer

Answer 31

An organism that produces organic compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals

Question 32

Reaction center complex

Answer 32

A complex of proteins associated with a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor. Located centrally in a photo system, this complex triggers the light reactions of photosynthesis. Excited by light energy, the pair of chlorophyll donates an electron to the primary electron acceptor, which passes an electron to an electron transport chain.

Question 33

Rubisco

Answer 33

Ribose biphosphate carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle

Question 34

Spectrophotometer

Answer 34

An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution

Question 35

Stomata

Answer 35

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant

Question 36

Stroma

Answer 36

The dense fluid within the chloroplast surround the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA, involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbo dioxide and water.

Question 37

Thylakoids

Answer 37

A flat, membnous sac inside a chloroplast. thylakoids often exist in stacks called grand that are interconnected, their membranes contain moleculular machinery used to convert light energy to chemical energy

Question 38

Visible light

Answer 38

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, rangin in wavelength from 380-750 no

Question 39

Wavelength

Answer 39

The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.