Vocab- Genetics Flashcards
Genetics
The study of genes and hereditary
Heredity
passing traits from parents to offspring
P Generation
The parents
P (1) generation
offspring (first generation)
F(2) generation
offspring when F(1) individuals are crossed with eachother
Law of dominance
Recessive alleles are masked by dominant with both alleles are present
Law of segregation
You can only pass on one copy of each gene to your offspring, the child gets second copy from other parents
Law of assortment
which allele is passed on for 1 trait does NOT impact which is passed on of another trait EX. a flower inheriting a purple color allele has no effect on weather it will be short or tall
Trait
any observable characteristic
Gene
actual segment of DNA that holds information for a trait
Allele
One version of that trait
Diploid
2 copies of each chromosome, so it occurs in pairs
Genotype
allele combo for a trait (RR, Rr or rr)
Homozygous
Two of the same alleles, dominant or recessive
Heterozygous
two different alleles, Rr
Phenotype
The physical feature resulting from the genotype (eg. Brown eyes, Blue eyes
Domainant
When one allele masks the effect of another
Recessive
alleles only show up as the phenotype when both alleles that are present are ______
Carriers
Someone is heterozygous for a recessive disease is often called a carrier
Incomplete dominance
Alleles blend
Polygenic
“many genes” when several genes influence a trait
Co domiance
Alleles show up together
Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics, Australian monk, made laws of heredity based on analysis of how traits are inherited
Multiple alleles
Genes with more than two alleles that could code for a trait
A, B, AB, and O blood types
AA, Ao, BB, Bo, AB, oo
A blood alleles
l(A) = AA I(A) i = Ao
B blood alleles
I(B) = BB I(B) i = Bo
O blood alleles
ii
AB blood alleles
I(A) I(B)
A blood type has what shaped surface carbs
triangle
B blood type has what shaped surface carbs
circle
AB blood type has what shaped surface carbs carbs
triangle and circle
O blood type has what shaped carbs
None
What blood types are dominant vs recessive
A and B are co- dominant, O is recessive
What blood types can give to all Blood types
O-
Can a positive blood type give to a negative
No only positives, negatives can give to both
What is the law of independent assortment and who created it
the pair of factors for one trait segregate independently of the factors for other traits, by mendel
Sex linked genes are found on the _____ chromosome
X chromosome but not the Y chromosome
Males are _____ chromosome combo
XY
Female are _____ chromosome combo
XX
Do male or females have two copies of X chromosome
Female
Recessive sex linked genes show up more in which gender
Males
X- linked vs sex linked
X-linked has to do with genes that have NOTHING to do with gender
what chromosome are X linked genes carried on
X chromsome
how can you identify human examples of sex- linkage
pedigrees
