Cell structure Flashcards
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Who was the first to view cells
Robert Hooke
Who was First to view living microorganisms.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Who discovered that All plants were made of cells
Matthias Schledian
Who discovered that All animals were made of cells.
Theodore Schwann
Who discovered that All cells come from other pre-existing cells.
Rudolph Virchow
What are the 3 statements of the cell theory
- all living things are composed of one or more cells 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things 3. new cells arise from pre existing cells
Define: Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance within a cell membrane
Define: lysosome
Sac filled with digestive chemicals
Define: Mitochondria
Structures that convert nutrients into energy
Define: centriole
Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Stack of membranes that packages chemicals.
Define: Vacuole
Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.
Define: cell membrane
Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.
Define: Nucleus
Structure that contains DNA and regulates genes.
Define: Cytoskeleton
Tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape.
Define: Ribosome
Small structure that synthesizes proteins.
Define: Nuclear membrane
Membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.
Define: Golgi apparatus
Passageways where chemicals are made.
Define: Vesicle
Package created by the Golgi apparatus.
Define: Nucleolus
Structure that manufactures ribosomes.
What kind of molecules can diffuse/ go through the membrane directly
Small uncharged molecules were able to make it through
How can some large molecules and charged ions get through the cell membrane?
Large and charged cells can go through the tunnels.
What happens inside the mitochondrion?
Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules and water is created. Oxygen is converted into carbon dixide and form enegry for the cell
How does the cell make proteins inside the ribosome?
They turn RNA into protiens
How do vesicles move through the cell?
They are pulled along the cytoskeleton by a protein called kinesin.
What are the two basic cell types
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
In what cells is a cell wall found
Plant
What organelle contains DNA
Nucleus
What organelle makes protiens
ribosomes
what organelle breaks down waste
lysome
What does a rough ER do
Ribosomes make proteins that will be shipped via transport vesicles
What does a smoothe ER do
Contains a lot of enzymes»_space; proteins that speed up reactions in the body
What does the golgi do
recieves refines stores, and distribuites cellular products
What prokaryotic cells
small and simple cells, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, includes bacteria
Whats Eukaryotic cells
Larger and more complex, contains nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, plants and animals
Define: Cell wall
Provides support and not found in animal cells
Which Endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes
rough ER
Name some examples of what lysosomes break down —- into —–
Protein> amino acid
carb> simple sugar
fat > fatty acid
Nucleic acid> nucleotide
After the rough er where do the transport vesicles go
Golgi body
Where do lysosomes come out of
golgi body
What are vacuoles
large membranous sac that buds off the ER or golgi body, they store water and waste
where are chloroplasts found
plant cells
what do chloroplasts do
turn sunlight into food
what does the mitchondria do
cellular respiration> direct energy source for the cell
what is the cytoskeleton
network of protien fibers that serve as the cells skeletal “muscles”
What are the 5 parts of a prokaryotic cell
1.cell wall
2. cell membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. ribsosmes
5. DNA
Whats a flagel
long whip like tail that moves cell through surroundings
Whats a cilia
Many short- hair like projections that draws materials in towards cell
Whats the pusedopodia
temporary extension of cytoplasm that allows the cell to drag itself in one direction
What cell has a irrgular shape, plant or animal
animal
what cell has a fixed shape, plant or animal
plant
why are cells so small
there a limit on how big cells can be, if its bigger its harder for nutrients to move in and out of the cell
if its a small cell its a —– surface area to volume ratio
large
if its a big cell its a —- surface area to volume ratio
small
whats the problem with a big cell
nutrients would not get into the cell as fast as the cell needs it to
what is cell speclization
basic cells specilized to perform a certain task
Name some examples of specialized cells
Heart, muscle, skin, brain, lungs
What cell type has the potiental to become any other cell
stem cell
whats cell diferation
cells devolve differently
why do different cell structures form
to perform different activities
why do different cell structures form
to perform different activities
