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Cell structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

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A

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2
Q

Who was the first to view cells

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Who was First to view living microorganisms.

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

Who discovered that All plants were made of cells

A

Matthias Schledian

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5
Q

Who discovered that All animals were made of cells.

A

Theodore Schwann

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6
Q

Who discovered that All cells come from other pre-existing cells.

A

Rudolph Virchow

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7
Q

What are the 3 statements of the cell theory

A
  1. all living things are composed of one or more cells 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things 3. new cells arise from pre existing cells
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8
Q

Define: Cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like substance within a cell membrane

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9
Q

Define: lysosome

A

Sac filled with digestive chemicals

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10
Q

Define: Mitochondria

A

Structures that convert nutrients into energy

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11
Q

Define: centriole

A

Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.

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12
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Stack of membranes that packages chemicals.

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13
Q

Define: Vacuole

A

Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.

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14
Q

Define: cell membrane

A

Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.

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15
Q

Define: Nucleus

A

Structure that contains DNA and regulates genes.

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16
Q

Define: Cytoskeleton

A

Tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape.

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17
Q

Define: Ribosome

A

Small structure that synthesizes proteins.

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18
Q

Define: Nuclear membrane

A

Membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.

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19
Q

Define: Golgi apparatus

A

Passageways where chemicals are made.

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20
Q

Define: Vesicle

A

Package created by the Golgi apparatus.

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21
Q

Define: Nucleolus

A

Structure that manufactures ribosomes.

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22
Q

What kind of molecules can diffuse/ go through the membrane directly

A

Small uncharged molecules were able to make it through

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23
Q

How can some large molecules and charged ions get through the cell membrane?

A

Large and charged cells can go through the tunnels.

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24
Q

What happens inside the mitochondrion?

A

Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules and water is created. Oxygen is converted into carbon dixide and form enegry for the cell

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25
Q

How does the cell make proteins inside the ribosome?

A

They turn RNA into protiens

26
Q

How do vesicles move through the cell?

A

They are pulled along the cytoskeleton by a protein called kinesin.

27
Q

What are the two basic cell types

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

28
Q

In what cells is a cell wall found

A

Plant

29
Q

What organelle contains DNA

A

Nucleus

30
Q

What organelle makes protiens

A

ribosomes

31
Q

what organelle breaks down waste

A

lysome

32
Q

What does a rough ER do

A

Ribosomes make proteins that will be shipped via transport vesicles

33
Q

What does a smoothe ER do

A

Contains a lot of enzymes&raquo_space; proteins that speed up reactions in the body

34
Q

What does the golgi do

A

recieves refines stores, and distribuites cellular products

35
Q

What prokaryotic cells

A

small and simple cells, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, includes bacteria

36
Q

Whats Eukaryotic cells

A

Larger and more complex, contains nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, plants and animals

37
Q

Define: Cell wall

A

Provides support and not found in animal cells

38
Q

Which Endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes

A

rough ER

39
Q

Name some examples of what lysosomes break down —- into —–

A

Protein> amino acid
carb> simple sugar
fat > fatty acid
Nucleic acid> nucleotide

40
Q

After the rough er where do the transport vesicles go

A

Golgi body

41
Q

Where do lysosomes come out of

A

golgi body

42
Q

What are vacuoles

A

large membranous sac that buds off the ER or golgi body, they store water and waste

43
Q

where are chloroplasts found

A

plant cells

44
Q

what do chloroplasts do

A

turn sunlight into food

45
Q

what does the mitchondria do

A

cellular respiration> direct energy source for the cell

46
Q

what is the cytoskeleton

A

network of protien fibers that serve as the cells skeletal “muscles”

47
Q

What are the 5 parts of a prokaryotic cell

A

1.cell wall
2. cell membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. ribsosmes
5. DNA

48
Q

Whats a flagel

A

long whip like tail that moves cell through surroundings

49
Q

Whats a cilia

A

Many short- hair like projections that draws materials in towards cell

50
Q

Whats the pusedopodia

A

temporary extension of cytoplasm that allows the cell to drag itself in one direction

51
Q

What cell has a irrgular shape, plant or animal

A

animal

52
Q

what cell has a fixed shape, plant or animal

A

plant

53
Q

why are cells so small

A

there a limit on how big cells can be, if its bigger its harder for nutrients to move in and out of the cell

54
Q

if its a small cell its a —– surface area to volume ratio

A

large

55
Q

if its a big cell its a —- surface area to volume ratio

A

small

56
Q

whats the problem with a big cell

A

nutrients would not get into the cell as fast as the cell needs it to

57
Q

what is cell speclization

A

basic cells specilized to perform a certain task

58
Q

Name some examples of specialized cells

A

Heart, muscle, skin, brain, lungs

59
Q

What cell type has the potiental to become any other cell

A

stem cell

60
Q

whats cell diferation

A

cells devolve differently

61
Q

why do different cell structures form

A

to perform different activities

62
Q

why do different cell structures form

A

to perform different activities

Bio (24 decks)

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